2014年托福写作考试趋势分析_第2页

　　语言能力是托福写作考试考查的重中之重，这也是考生很难在短时间内大幅度提高的。若想快速提高语言能力，须从词汇与句法着手准备。

　　1.巧妙用词

　　1)一词多义

　　建议考生在备考过程中重视一词多义，即灵活应用不同词汇表达同一种意思，这也是评分标准强调的重点之一。例如， 在表达“大”这个概念时，没必要机械地重复使用“big”这一个词，可灵活使用其同义词：large,tremendous, gigantic, grand 等等。

　　2)重视连词

　　连词能够使文章逻辑顺畅，语言连贯，建议考生牢记各种连词如in spite of, in addition, moreover, even though, nevertheless 等。此外，还须注意词语表达的准确性，因为托福写作注重考查用语言准确传达思想，若频繁使用“高深莫测”的超难词汇，恐怕会“弄巧成拙”。

　　2.句法多样

　　应用多种“黄金句型”，避免重复单一。建议考生平时多做造句练习，以便更熟练地掌握典型句式。“黄金句型”包括：

　　1)强调句。

　　It is in the process of such an endeavor that people realize the power of unity.

　　It is the associated responsibility that builds up a solid infrastructure of a group.

　　2.)倒装句

　　Not only will it help one keep a good balance between work and rest, but it can also further benefit him both spiritually and physically.

　　Good medicine tastes bitter but cures diseases and saves life, so does honest advice.

　　3)并列结构

　　Tremendous investments are being made to construct more roads, build more overpasses and develop new bus and subway lines.

　　Taking up a favorite subject improves performance during their course of study and brings about more satisfactory results.

　　4)修辞问句

　　How could a person show pure friendliness to others while wearing a smiling mask?

　　Shouldn’t the students finish their homework on time?

　　5)插入语

　　Other people, however, would rather hold smaller ones within the family.

　　二.“论证技巧”策略

　　由于独立写作的体裁均为议论文，因此，考生必须灵活运用多重论证技巧，最为典型的论证技巧包括：

　　1. 例证法

　　举例是说服力极强的论证技巧。此外，应尽量使事例具体化。如：...For instance, traffic jam fees were introduced in Singapore in 1975. Since then, Sweden, Britain, Norway, Italy, Portugal and China have followed suit... 又如：Having an intelligent partner by our side is just like receiving charcoal when the snow falls. He is competent enough to offer sincere and applicable suggestions that could drag us out of troubled waters. By making full use of our combined wisdom, problems can be solved easily. Take my cousin as an example: He has just set up his own company. At the very beginning, he was faced with a series of problems in business administration. After consulting his best friend, an MBA student in Harvardhe smoothly tackled those problems. As an old Chinese saying goes, ‘he who gets in contact with vermillion will become red’. A friend’s wisdom and accomplishments can directly influence us in positive ways. 建议考生平时广泛搜集可作为热点话题论据的各种素材，包括名人轶事、历史事件、新闻报道、生活经历等等，不断积累，并学会将其恰当地应用于论证过程之中。

　　2.因果论证法

　　因果论证法是深入展开讨论的典型论证技巧，恰当使用因果法，可以使段落思路连贯，逻辑明晰，论证严谨透彻。因果法论证步骤：提出论点→提出原因→分析条件→得出结果。如：Besides, TV is also an effective teaching tool that helps enhance learning efficiency. The large variety of education programs are specially designed to make study time more enjoyable. “Follow me,” a popular English learning program, is a perfect example. The superior visual and sound effects help leave a deeper impression on the viewers and improve their learning effectiveness. Therefore, TV does not merely serve for delight but also for education.

　　3.拆分法

　　在写作构思过程中，往往需要对论点进行合理拆分，从不同侧面展开论述，以达到论证逻辑的全面性。例如：Secondly, travelling expenditures may be cut down and much money can be saved. Regarding the accommodation on the journey, companions can share a double room in a hotel. Thus, each of them only has to pay half of the room price. The same is true with eating. It is a most popular choice for travelers to go dutch when having meals in restaurants. In this way, not only can they enjoy more dishes, but they can also spend less money than people who dine alone. In addition, on the trip, there might be the necessity to rent vehicles. Likewise, transportation costs can be shared equally between them as well.