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2018年托福词汇讲解核心内容

中华考试网   2018-01-18   【

  重点词汇解析:(英文+词性+文中中文释义)

  四会词汇:

  1. confession

  n.承认;坦白;供词;认罪

  He made a full confession of his crime.

  他彻底交代了自己的罪行。

  2. proud

  adj.骄傲的;自豪的;得意的;满足的

  He said he felt proud of me because I had achieved my dream.

  他说,他为我感到骄傲,因为我实现了自己的梦想。

  3.feel obliged to do被迫做

  4.reveal

  v.透露;揭示;显示;展示

  The doctor did not reveal the truth to her husband.

  医生没有向她丈夫透露真相。

  5.indiscretion n.轻率;不慎的言行;(尤指道德上)不检点的言行;鲁莽

  6.To put it mildly

  说得婉转些

  7.Incentive

  n. 动机;刺激

  adj. 激励的;刺激的

  Maybe I can convince you to stay if I offer you a few more incentives.

  如果我向你多提供几条有激励作用的条件,也许能说服你留下来。

  8.on average

  平均;普通,通常

  9.extrinsic motivators 外在的激励

  10.intrinsic motivators内在的激励

  11.cognitive

  adj.认知的;感知的;认识的

  Cognitive behavioral therapy is often effective, and so is medication.

  认知行为疗法经常比较有效,也是一种治疗。

  12.sponsor

  n. 赞助者;主办者;保证人

  vt. 赞助;发起

  "What social activities does the company sponsor for the employees? "

  “公司会为员工安排那些社会活动?”

  13.mismatch

  vt. 使配错n. 错配;不协调

  14.came up with

  提出;想出;赶上

  15.compliance

  n. 顺从,服从;承诺

  16. approach

  n. 方法;途径;接近

  vt. 接近;着手处理

  vi. 靠近

  17. off the table不予讨论;离开台面

  18. encyclopedia

  n. 百科全书

  19. incredibly adv. 难以置信地;非常地

  20. deliver

  v.交付;发表;兑现;传送

  The system must be able to deliver data quickly and flawlessly to any handhelddevice.

  系统必须能够快速且无误地将数据传送到任何手持设备。

  21. optional

  adj.可选择的;选修的

  n.〈美〉选修科

  This step is purely optional and is to be used for testing purposes only.

  该步骤纯粹是可选的,并且将仅用于测试目的。

  22. proof

  n. 证明;证据;校样;考验;验证;试验

  adj. 防…的;不能透入的;证明用的;耐…的

  vt. 试验;校对;使不被穿透

  23. budget

  n. 预算,预算费

  vt. 安排,预定;把…编入预算

  vi. 编预算,做预算

  adj. 廉价的

  24. predict v.预报;预言;预告

  fate is like the weather, can be as hard to predict, but it is often surprising.

  命运就像天气,可以尽努力地去预料,但往往出乎意料。

  25. knockout.

  adj. 淘汰的;击倒的;迷人的

  n. 淘汰赛;击倒;给人留下深刻印象的人

  26. drive

  vi. 开车;猛击;飞跑

  vt. 推动,发动(机器等);驾驶(马车,汽车等);驱赶

  n. 驱动器;驾车;[心理] 内驱力,推进力;快车道

  27. notion n. 概念;见解;打算

  28. ideology n. 意识形态;思想意识;观念学

  29. strengthen v.加强;增强;巩固

  To start with, China is ready to strengthen scientific and technologicalcooperation with many countries.

  首先,中国准备和许多国家加强科学技术合作。

  30.confirm v.确认;认可;使感觉更强烈;使确信

  But a review of the scientific research does not confirm this point of view.

  但是一个科学的研究审查不认可这种看法。

  认知词汇:

  1.hard-headed

  adj. 头脑冷静的

  2.evidence-based

  adj. 基于证据的

  3.thumbtacks

  n. 图钉

  vt. 用图钉钉住

  4.periphery

  n. 外围,边缘;圆周;圆柱体表面

  5. rudimentary

  adj. 基本的;初步的;退化的;残遗的;未发展的

  6. touchy-feely adj. 过于情感化的;过于卿卿我我的

  7. emanate

  v.产生;表现;显示

  8. stirrings n. 渐起;萌芽

  9. marshal

  n. 元帅;司仪

  vt. 整理;引领;编列

  vi. 排列

  10. conspiracy n. 阴谋;共谋;阴谋集团

  l 重点句子赏析:(英文+翻译+语法/特殊用法等角度分析)

  0:12. A little over 20 years ago, I did something that I regret, something that I'm not particularly proud of, something that, in many ways, I wish no one would ever know, but here I feel kind of obliged to reveal.

  翻译:我做了一件让我后悔莫及的事, 一件我丝毫不感到骄傲的事, 一件我希望没有任何人会知道的事, 但今日我认为我有必要揭发我自己.

  分析:主干部分就是I did something, but… something后跟了that引导的定语从句修饰说明那是怎样的事。是让我后悔莫及的事 一件我丝毫不感到骄傲的事 一件我希望没有任何人会知道的事,but 后转折表示还是有必要揭发我自己

  三个something that 的定语从句连用,语气增强,演讲时强调意味凸显,使得后面but的反转效果更为明显。

  I wish no one would ever know 表示对将来的虚拟用法

  2:59. I want to tell you about an experiment using the candle problem, done by a scientist named Sam Glucksberg, who is now at Princeton University, US.

  翻译:现在我想告诉你另一个实验, 利用蜡烛问题。 由一个现在在普林斯顿大学, 叫做 Sam Glucksberg 的科学家所做的实验。

  分析:主干部分就是I want to tell you about an experiment 后面using the candle problem 现在分词做定语表示主动关系,done by a scientist 过去分词做定语表示被动关系,who引导定语从句修饰Sam Glucksberg 这位科学家。

  17:54. So, if we repair this mismatch between science and business, if we bring our motivation, notions of motivation into the 21st century, if we get past this lazy, dangerous, ideology of carrots and sticks, we can strengthen our businesses, we can solve a lot of those candle problems, and maybe, maybe -- we can change the world.

  翻译:如果我们改变 科学知识和商业行为之间有的那条鸿沟 如果我们把我们的动机,对诱因的想法 带进21世纪 如果我们越过懒惰的、危险的、理想化的 胡萝卜和棍子的想法 我们可以强化我们的公司 解决许多的“蜡烛问题” 那么或许,或许,或许 我们便能改变世界。

  分析:主干部分就是if we…,we can… 重点在于三个If条件状语从句连用, 主句部分同样三个we can连用,句式对称,前后呼应,强调总结,完美收官。把整个演讲气氛烘托到最高点,发人深省,回味无穷,振聋发聩,醍醐灌顶。

  结构分析:

  12:17The good news is that the scientists who've been studying motivation have given us this new approach. It's built much more around intrinsic motivation. Around the desire to do things because they matter, because we like it, they're interesting, or part of something important. And to my mind, that new operating system for our businesses revolves around three elements: autonomy, mastery and purpose. Autonomy: the urge to direct our own lives. Mastery: the desire to get better and better at something that matters. Purpose: the yearning to do what we do in the service of something larger than ourselves. These are the building blocks of an entirely new operating system for our businesses.

  12:17好消息是这些研究人类动机的科学家 已经给了我们一个新方向 这个新方向讲求内在的诱因 我们想做是因为它能改变世界 因为我们喜欢,因为它很有趣 因为它能影响的范围很广 在我心里,这种新的商业机制 围绕在三个基础上 自主性、掌握力和使命感 自主性,想要主掌自己人生的需求 掌握力,想要在举足轻重的事情上做得更好的欲望 使命感,希望我们所做的事情 是为了更高远的理想的渴望 这些便是建立新商业机制的 基石

  Three elements:

  autonomy

  mastery

  purpose.

  l 巩固提问:

  1. Based on the highlighted paragraph, what are the three elements mentioned by the speaker?

  l autonomy

  l mastery

  l purpose.

  2. Did the speaker talk about all the three elements?

  No. He talked about autonomy only.

  3. Why did the speaker mention the company Atlassian?

  To support his idea of autonomy.

纠错评论责编:examwkk
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