2017托福口语考试动词表达

2017托福口语考试动词表达

　　Quotation from The Element of style by William Strunk：

　　Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts.

　　注：好的表达凝练简洁， 无冗词，无赘述。

　　Unnecessary Nouns and Verbs

　　第一部分 名词 Nouns

　　第一类：容易辨识的冗赘名词，它的含义已经隐藏在句子的其他成份之中，无需重复出现。

　　A: to accelerate the pace of economic reform

　　B: to accelerate economic reform

　　(‘ To accelerate’= ‘to increase the pace of’)

　　A: living standards for the people in both urban and rural areas continued to rise

　　B: living standards in both urban and rural areas continued to rise

　　(‘ The notion of living standards applied only to people.)

　　A: the development of our economy in the future will, to a large extent, depend on…

　　B: the development of our economy will depend to a large extent on…

　　(The future tense of the verb (‘will depend’) is sufficient to express futurity.)

　　第二类：不易发现的冗赘名词和动名词

　　A: at that time the situation in northeast China was still one where the enemy was stronger than the people’s forces

　　B: at that time the enemy was still stronger than the people’s forces in northeast China

　　(‘Situation’ is a particularly dangerous noun. Not only is it generally unnecessary, but it drags other unnecessary elements after it (in this instance, ‘one where’))

　　A: the key to the solution lies in the curtailment of expenditure

　　B: the solution is to curtail expenditure

　　(‘key’ is sometimes useful, but usually it too can be dispensed with. And like ‘situation,’ it often leads to further unnecessary complications (here, ‘lies in’)

　　A: inner-party democracy is a subject that has been discussed in detail

　　B: inner-party democracy has been

　　discussed in detail

　　第三类：冗赘的范畴词(Category nouns)

　　A: we must oppose the practice of extravagance

　　B: we must oppose extravagance

　　A: to ensure a relationship of close cooperation between…

　　B: to ensure close cooperation between…

　　A: this, coupled with the factor of price instability, caused…

　　B: this, coupled with price instability, caused…