2016年托福长难句分析：环境污染与心脏病

　　托福长难句分析：环境污染与心脏病

　　Women who live in areas of high air pollution, exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fires, are at increased risk of heart disease and death, according to a study.

　　【参考译文】一项研究表明，生活在严重空气污染地区的女性，暴露在车辆尾气、燃煤发电厂、森林火灾所产生和排放的无形的微小颗粒中，越来越容易患心脏病，甚至会因此直接导致死亡。

　　【结构分析】本句主句是主系表结构：Women are at increased risk of heart disease and death, according to a study.主语Women后是定语从句 who live in areas of high air pollution，关系代词who在从句中指代women作主语，系表部分are at increased risk of heart disease and death被分词结构(表被动)作的后置定语exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fires分隔，由于定语部分较长，在翻译时我们可以译为并列结构;句子末尾的according to a study作全句的状语。