2016年托福学习语法专项考点解析二

　　1. The Cubists were concerned with how__________a given subject from different points of view simultaneously.

　　(A) represented

　　(B) do the represent

　　(C) to represent

　　(D) representing

　　答案：C

　　考点：不定式。

　　分析：how後加從句或不定式，而4個答案中無相應從句，故選不定式to represent。

　　2. Sometimes__________to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.

　　(A) difficult

　　(B) is difficult

　　(C) it is difficult

　　(D) that it is difficult

　　答案：C

　　考点：主謂結構。

　　分析：本句主、謂語俱缺，應在答案中選擇完整的主謂或主系表結構，即(C)。(A)主語、動词均缺;(B)缺主語;(D)多了that，是從句。

　　3. Martha Graham, __________, has run her own dance company for half a century.

　　(A) is the great modern choreographer

　　(B) one of the great modern choreographers

　　(C) that the great modern choreographers

　　(D) the modern choreographers were great

　　答案：B

　　考点：同位語。

　　分析：接在主語後面、兩邊由逗號隔開的成份，可能是主語的同位語，即一說明身份的名词性結構。答案中只有(B)是名词性的。(A)、(D)都有系動词;(C)以that開頭，是從句的一部分。

　　解題要點：同位語結構是中國學生不甚熟悉而TOEFL考題中常出現的結構。見到主語和謂語動词/系動词之間的，兩邊用逗號隔開的形式，應首先考慮同位語的可能性，選擇名词性結構。

　　4. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, __________communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.

　　(A) however

　　(B) they

　　(C) furthermore

　　(D) who

　　答案：B

　　考点：主語。

　　分析：communicate是謂語動词，前面缺主語。應在答案中選擇名词或代词作主語。(B)代词they可作主語。(A)、(C)既非代词也非名词，不能作主語;(D)用在疑問句或從句中。

　　5. The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged __________to produce the desired blend of sounds from the various musical sections .

　　(A) the conductor of

　　(B) from the conductor

　　(C) the conductor and

　　(D) by the conductor

　　答案：D

　　考点：介词短語/被動語態。

　　分析：看到被動語態的is arranged，應想到後面可能接by…的結構。在4個答案中選擇以by開頭的介词短語，即(D)。

　　6. The worldwide race to develop an affordable synthetic fuel has so far consumed billions of dollars and __________ few results.

　　(A) yielded

　　(B) yielding

　　(C) yield ha

　　(D) has a yield of

　　答案：A

　　考点：並列結構。

　　分析：and前後兩部分，應同形式、同性質。此處and連接兩個謂語部分，前面是consumed…，後面應也是一過去式的動词，即(A)yielded。

　　7. Experiments in the photography of moving objects __________ in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.

　　(A) have been conducting

　　(B) were conducting

　　(C) had been conducted

　　(D) being conducted

　　答案：C

　　考点：時態。

　　分析：本句有主語而缺謂語動词，應選擇時態正確的動词作謂語。句中well before l900說明時間是“過去的過去”，時態應用過去完成時，故選(C)。(A)是現在完成時;(B)是過去進行時;(D)不能作謂語動词。

　　8. The University of Georgia, __________ in 1785, was the first state supported university in the United States.

　　(A) chartered

　　(B) was chartered

　　(C) it was chartered

　　(D) to be chartered

　　答案：A

　　考点：分词短語作後置定語。

　　分析：此句是TOEFL常考句式。分词短語作定語放在它所修飾的名词後面(A)，相當於被動式的定語從句省掉關係代词which/that及系動词be。(B)若改為which was chartered，(C)用which代替it，(D)去掉to be，亦可。

　　9. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once __________ cacti and sagebrush could live.

　　(A) nor

　　(B) not the

　　(C) none other

　　(D) nothing but

　　答案：D

　　考点：短語。

　　分析：Nothing but是固定的短語。(A)nor通常不單獨使用，應與neither連用;(B)not用於否定動词或形容词;(C)是錯誤說法。

　　10. __________, in the late 1800’s, some libraries had to keep as many as twenty to thirty copies of each of Mary Jane Holmes’s books on hand.

　　(A) Inventories showing

　　(B) That show inventories

　　(C) Inventories show that

　　(D) Showing the inventories

　　答案：C

　　考点：複合句。

　　分析：本句中some後的部分為從句，前面缺少主句，及連接词。應在答案中選擇完整的主謂結構，即(C)。

　　11. The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and validity of what __________.

　　(A) it is known as human knowledge

　　(B) is known as human knowledge

　　(C) known human knowledge

　　(D) is human knowledge known

　　答案：B

　　考点：what引導的名词從句。

　　分析：介词of應後接名词性成份作介词宾语。What…結構的作用相當於一個名词，它要麼是what+不定式，要麼是what從句，即名词性從句。答案中無不定式形式，只有(B)能與what組成完整的從句，故選 (B)。(A)it與what重複。

　　12. Because of the Aleuts’ constant exposure to cold weather, they have long recognized __________ .

　　(A) and body needs to be fat

　　(B) body needs the fat

　　(C) how fat the body needs

　　(D) the body’s need for fat

　　答案：D

　　考点：宾语。

　　分析：recognize是及物動词，其後應接名词性的成份作宾语。(D)是名词片語，故選(D)。(B)看似省掉that的宾语從句，但fat前的定冠词the是錯誤的。(C)如改為how much fat則在句子結構上亦是正確的。

　　13. Almost all economists agree __________ by trading with one another.

　　(A) nations that are gained

　　(B) nations they gain

　　(C) gaining nations

　　(D) that nations gain

　　答案：D

　　考点：宾语從句。

　　分析：請注意動词agree的幾種句型結構：(1)agree十宾语從句; (2)agree with/to十名词結構。

　　14. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for __________ with which to regulate them.

　　(A) more accurate than sundials

　　(B) more accurate sundials

　　(C) sundials more accurately

　　(D) more accurately than sundials

　　答案：B

　　考点：介词宾语。

　　分析：介词for後面應接名词性的成份作其宾语。4個答案中只有(B)是以名词sundials作中心词的片語，可作介词宾语。

　　15. Anthropology is a science __________anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.

　　(A) in that

　　(B) that in

　　(C) that

　　(D) in