Last December, visitors arriving in Vail, Colo, ready to kick off the winter ski
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Climate change has had a direct and aggressive effect on winter tourism — and not just in Vail. In 2016-17, the first frost came two weeks later than the 20th century average,according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the last one nine days earlier. The season was nearly a month shorter than expected, a trend that’s been worsening since the 1980s. NOAA?s outlook for winter 2018-19 predicts warmer,drier and milder conditions across the US.
Those working in ski towns and at resorts do not need meteorologists to tell them that;they can see the effects in their business. “Last year, we had radically less snow — our lowest snow year in 50 years,” says Auden Schendler，the Senior Vice President of Sustainability at Aspen Skiing Company in Aspen，Colo. “In low-snow years，you see about a billion dollars less in revenue.” Those years also cost ski regions 17,400 jobs，according to the 2018 economic report from Protect Our Winters, a nonprofit environmental organization.
It’s not just that there’s less snow; it’s that snow patterns are so unpredictable，ski towns, resorts and businesses can’t count on conditions necessary for financial stability. To be considered “snow reliable,” a ski area must have more than 30 cm of snow depth (natural and man-made) during 100 days or during the entire Christmas through New Year’s holiday period in at least seven out of 10 years. By those standards, all of the northeastern states (except Vermont) are projected to lose at least half of their ski areas, according to a review in the journal Current Issues in Tourism. And if climate change continues apace, 90% of ski resorts in the U.S. won’t be able to open by Christmas by 2090.
European ski areas have similar problems. By 2099, the Alps could lose up to 70% of their snow cover, according to research published by the European Geosciences Union —and just two to three weeks of operating at a loss could tank a ski area’s financial season.
In North America, multi-resort ski passes like the Epic Pass and Ikon Pass can help somewhat. “People can book last-minute trips to the resort with the best snow，says Schendler. “But obviously, last-minute bookings make it harder to plan-for marketing，for occupancy and for projected revenue.” Ironically, too much snow can also impact ski resorts.If a massive storm hits, as has happened more frequently, if unpredictably, in recent years,the sudden heavy snowfall can raise the threat of avalanches, leading resorts to shut down runs or even keep patrons indoors.
Fluctuating snow patterns haven’t completely derailed ski tourism yet. In fact, tourism numbers have remained static for two decades, Schendler says. But scientists and industry veterans feel like they can see a dark future. 4tAt the current rate of warming, the ski industry is probably done by midcentury，” Schendler says. “We’re not acting like we are in crisis，but we are.”
单选题第1题This article was written to _______.
A.show some difficulties that the ski industry will meet
B.demonstrate the future of the ski industry
C.warn people the consequences of global warming
D.explain the relationship between snow and ski resorts
参考答案：C
答案解析：本文中，作者描写了滑雪业在全球变暖的情况下所面临的困境，从全文内
容来看，作者旨在通过描述滑雪业的困境，向人们展示全球变暖给人类生活带来
的问题。因此选C。
单选题第2题The word “aggressive” underlined in Paragraph 2 means _______.
A.angry
B.bold
C.hostile
D.threatening
参考答案：D
答案解析：从文章内容来看，作者是想说明气候变化威胁到滑雪业的生存，因此选D。
单选题第3题NOAA cannot be_______.
A.a government department
B.an organization that cares about climate change
C.an organization that can predict changes in weather
D.a military institution
参考答案：D
答案解析：NOAA是 “National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration” 的缩写，意为“美国国家海洋和大气管理局”。从文章内容分析可知，这是一个从事气候分析的机构，与军事无关，因此选D。
单选题第4题We can NOT learn from Paragraph 4 that_______.
A.the snow became less and unpredictable
B.the standards which defines what is a “snow reliable ski area”
C.all of the northeastern states have lost at least half of their ski areas
D.90% of the ski resorts in the US won5t be able to open by the end of this century
参考答案：C
答案解析：第 4 段中提到 “By those standards，all of the northeastern states (except Vermont) are projected to lose at least half of their ski areas”，中文意思是“据推断，东北各州，除Vermont州之外，会失去至少一半的可滑雪的地区”。而C项表示“所有州”，与此不符，答案为C。
单选题第5题The phrase “shut down” underlined in Paragraph 6 means
A.to stop opening for business
B.to ask someone to stop talking
C.to keep someone or something inside a place
D.to block the entrances and exits
参考答案：A
答案解析：文中意为雪太大会造成滑雪山庄无法开门营业，因此选A。
单选题第6题Auden Schendler is a (an)_______.
A.businessman
B.scientist
C.official
D.skier
参考答案：A
答案解析：第 3 段中提及 Auden Schendler 是 “Senior Vice President of Sustainability at Aspen Skiing Company”，因此选A。
单选题第7题According to Auden Schendler,_______.
A.last-minute trip is the future of the ski industry
B.the ski industry is in crisis
C.last year's snow was more than this year
D.a massive snow storm could offer some help to the ski industry
参考答案：B
答案解析：本题可定位至最后一段最后一句话，Schendler明确提及：“We're not acting like we are in crisis，but we are. ”因此选B。
单选题第8题According to the passage, by about_______, the ski industry is probably done.
A.2099
B.2050
C.2090
D.2070
参考答案：B
答案解析：最后一段提到 “At the current rate of warming, the ski industry is probably done by midcentury”，因此选B。
单选题第9题The passage is a(n)__________.
A.report
B.narration
C.exposition
D.argumentation
参考答案：C
答案解析：从文章内容和写作手法可以看出这是一篇说明文，答案为C。
单选题第10题An appropriate title for the passage should be .
A.A Slippery Slope for Ski Resorts Facing Climate Change
B.Ski Industry Needs a Turn in this Era
C.Global Warming and the Ski Industry
D.Ski and Snow
参考答案：A
答案解析：文章主要论述了滑雪业在气候变化情况下所面临的困境，因此选A。
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