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People with a culture of poverty produce very little wealth and receive very little in return.They have a low level of literacy and education, usually do not belong to labor unions, are not members of political parties, generally do not participate in the national welfare agencies，and make very little use of banks, hospitals, department stores，museums or art galleries.They have a critical attitude toward some of the basic institutions of the dominant classes, hatred of the police, mistrust of government and those in high position, and a cynicism which extends even to the church.This gives the culture of poverty a high potential for protest and for being used in political movements aimed against the existing social order.
People with a culture of poverty are aware of middle-class values, talk about them and even claim some of them as their own, but on the whole, they do not live by them.Thus, it is important to distinguish between what they say and what they do.For example, many will tell you that marriage by law, by the church, or by both is the ideal form of marriage, but few will marry.To men who have no steady jobs or other sources of income, who do not own property and have no wealth to pass on to their children, who are present-time-oriented and who want to avoid the expense and legal difficulties involved in formal marriage and divorce, free unions or consensual marriages make a lot of sense.Women will often turn down offers of marriage because they feel it ties them down to men who are immature, punishing and generally unreliable.Women feel that consensual union gives them a better break; it gives them some of the freedom and flexibility that men have.By not giving the fathers of their children legal status as husbands, the women have a stronger claim on their children if they decide to leave their men.It also gives women exclusive rights to a house or any other property they may own.
单选题第1题According to the passage, a defining characteristic of poverty is that poor people_______
A.are isolated from the mainstream of society
B.lack the skills to find decent jobs
C.are constantly in a state of crisis
D.are held responsible for their own poverty
参考答案：A
答案解析：语义推理。题干问的是“defining characteristic”，即贫穷的典型特点。第一段主
要陈述“culture of poverty”的表现，不属于对其特点的界定。第二段第一句“People
with a culture of poverty produce very little wealth and receive very little in return” 为本段
主题句，为了证明这一点，接下来一句提到usually do not belong to labor unions,
are not members of political parties, generally do not participate in the national welfare
agencies...”等，而这些恰恰是主流社会的人们享有的正常生活。由此推知，贫困人群
孤立于主流社会之外，即A。
单选题第2题The phrase “culture of poverty” underlined in Paragraph 1 suggests that_______.
A.there are several classifications of poor people
B.poor people often take pride in their poverty
C.poverty has become a prevalent lifestyle for some people
D.poor people share a common background
参考答案：C
答案解析：细节识别。“culture of poverty”在第一段第一次出现，由于它有下画线，所以
比较容易识别。当然，本题要考查的是这个术语表明的内容。由于本句提到“We find
in the culture of poverty a high incidence of... ”，既然发生率很高，那么符合选项 C 的 “ a
prevalent lifestyle for some people” 。
单选题第3题The word “incidence” underlined in Paragraph 1 means_______.
A.inflation
B.reference
C.occurrence
D.accident
参考答案：C
答案解析：词义界定。一般而言，incidence不属于生词。即使部分读者不认识，也可以从语
境推知。本句为 “We find in the culture of poverty a high incidence of...” 后面举实例进
行解释，都是贫困人口的日常表现。也可以通过构词推导词义，incident是偶发事件，
那么incidence为事件发生的概率。因此可以猜知其词义。
单选题第4题The word “literacy” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to the ability to_______.
A.go to school
B.read and write
C.receive education
D.learn math
参考答案：B
答案解析：词义界定。“Literacy”对多数考生而言不是生词，其词典的定义就是“the ability
to read and write”（识字，读写能力）。即使不认识，也可以根据第二段这一句“They
have a low level of literacy and education”（这些人的识字和教育水平都比较低）来猜
测，并结合选项进行排除。
单选题第5题In Paragraph 2, by asserting that the culture of poverty can be used by political movements, the author_______.
A.predicts an uprising by the poor
B.shows how poverty may threaten social stability
C.justifies the motives of politicians
D.calls upon the middle class to fight against the poor
参考答案：B
答案解析：细节识别。原句为第二段最后一句“This gives the culture of poverty a high
potential for protest and for being used in political movements aimed against the existing
social order”，句末的 “aimed against the existing social order” 是重点，有人利用他们
搞政治运动，而针对的是现行社会秩序，即会威胁现有的社会秩序，或威胁社会稳定。
单选题第6题The author's attitude toward the need to “distinguish between what they say and what they do"(underlined in Paragraph 3) suggests that_______.
A.poor people are often hypocritical
B.poverty causes illusions among the poor people
C.the poor are held responsible for their poverty
D.the poor often cannot change their conditions
参考答案：D
答案解析：语义推理。画线部分大意是“区别他们的言行”，貌似他们言行不一。但是本句
的前一句说“they do not live by them”，即他们思想上认同主流社会的价值观，但没
有遵守。具体原因从本句提到的例子才能概括出来：没有稳定工作，没有固定收入，
没有可让孩子继承的财产等，在这样的情况下，去教堂举行正式婚礼存在费用和法律
方面的困难，因此只能选择自由结合或两愿婚姻。换言之，他们不具备正式婚姻的条
件，只能退而求其次。
单选题第7题According to Paragraph 3, consensual union CANNOT provide poor women refraining from a legal marriage with_______ .
A.a free church wedding or civil ceremony
B.some of the freedom and flexibility that men have
C.ownership of a house or any other property
D.a stronger claim on their children when they want to leave their men
参考答案：A
答案解析：错误排除。第三段末尾部分提到了选项B、C、D的内容，内容几乎一致，只有选
项A没有提到，因此，可以通过对比原文与选项内容加以确认。
单选题第8题A conclusion can be drawn from Paragraph 3 that men and women in the culture of poverty_______.
A.consider themselves unworthy of legal marriage
B.cannot get married and raise a family of their own
C.do not trust each other as faithful husbands and wives
D.avoid legal marriages for practical and economic reasons
参考答案：D
答案解析：论点概括。第三段开头提出论点：贫困人群清楚主流价值观，但他们没有遵循。
究其原因，有经济困难，因为去教堂举行婚礼等会产生费用，他们付不起；也有实际
困难，如正式婚姻中丈夫不理想时，无法轻易离开；不利于争取孩子的监护权，不利
于分得财产等。这里的逻辑是先提出论点，然后以事实为论据进行佐证。所以概括的
时候需要结合二者。
单选题第9题In discussing poverty, the author is most likely to agree that poverty_______.
A.is more widespread than most people think
B.cannot be eliminated from society
C.means more than a lack of money
D.weakens the fabric of society
参考答案：C
答案解析：论点概括。第一段陈述了贫困人群面临的困境及日常拮据的生活，第二段进一步
讨论了他们的恶劣处境：一方面孤立于主流社会，另一方面在世界观和心理方面存在
问题。所以贫穷不仅仅意味着缺钱，还有婚姻观等各方面的问题。符合这个隐含论点
的选项为C。
单选题第10题The word “it” underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to_______.
A.proper break
B.legal status
C.illegal marriage
D.consensual union
参考答案：D
答案解析：语篇衔接。It作为代词，经常起回指的作用。要清楚其所指内容，需要看它的结
构并回读。本句的it紧跟动词gives，由此回读发现源头为“Women feel that consensual
union gives them …it gives them …”因此，回指对象很明确为 “consensual union”。
涉及考点
2020翻译三级综合能力考试大纲
二、阅读理解
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