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2021年考研英语(一)完型填空练习及答案(二)

来源:华课网校  [2020年10月14日]  【

  Section II Use of English

  Directions:

  Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

  Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and 21 worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” 22 meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. ­One should be wary, however, of 23 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 24 to others. Examination of factors related to the 25 development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in 26 .

  The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 27 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 28 , and thus there was some 29 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 30 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 31 distraction to other readers.

  Towards the end of the century there was still 32 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 33 , and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way 34 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 35 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 36 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 37 readership on the other.

  By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 38 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 39 what the term “reading” 40 .

  1.[A] contemporary[B] modern[C] medieval [D] western

  2.[A] undoubtedly[B] really[C] absolutely[D] accordingly

  3.[A] imagining[B] consuming[C] resuming[D] assuming

  4.[A] interruption[B] distraction[C] bother[D] pressure

  5.[A] historical[B] historic[C] history[D] historian

  6.[A] quality[B] character[C] personality[D] distinctiveness

  7.[A] literate[B] illiterate[C] literacy[D] literature

  8.[A] receded[B] declined[C] increased[D] expanded

  9.[A] limitation[B] necessity[C] reduction[D] shrink

  10.[A] private[B] overt[C] public[D] secret

  11.[A] cause[B] effect[C] produce[D] realize

  12.[A] considerable[B] considerate[C] moderate[D] immoderate

  13.[A] respectively[B] honorably[C] respectfully[D] relatively

  14.[A] largely[B] intelligently[C] mentally[D] physically

  15.[A] However[B]Whatever[C] Whichever[D] Wherever

  16.[A] replaced[B] taken[C] followed[D] distinguished

  17.[A] specific[B] special[C] specified[D] specialized

  18.[A] and[B] if[C] but[D] or

  19.[A] translated[B] differed[C] shifted[D] altered

  20.[A] inferred[B] advised[C] induced[D] implied

  答案解析

  1. 选[C]。考查上下文语义衔接。本题要求填入一个形容词,可以利用上义词复现这一技巧。During the fifteenth century就是所填词的下义词,即15世纪。它既不属于contemporary,也不属于modern world而[D]western则与本文主题无关。只有[C] medieval“中世纪的”,指14到16世纪之间,包括了15世纪。

  2. 选[A]。考查上下文语义衔接与副词的词义辨析。所填副词修饰动词meant。文章第一句开篇明义,默读是一种现代社会行为,古代学者根本不知默读为何物。很显然,这一句中强调读书指的就是大声朗读,因此选[A] undoubtedly“毋庸置疑地,肯定地”,强调完全真实或是确实存在。[B]really“确实地,真正地”,与此处语气不符[C] absolutely“完全地,绝对地”[D] accordingly“相应地”。

  3. 选[D]。考查形近词辨析。所填词的逻辑主语是one,指人,宾语是that从句,从that从句可推断空格处要表达“认为,想象”的意思,因此排除[B] consuming“消费”和[C] resuming“再继续,恢复”。[D] assuming“想,假想”,指为论证提出有一定根据的假设,很少甚至无根据的心理推测,[A] imagining指随意或在脑海中构成清晰明确的图像,此处显然是assuming符合。

  4. 选[B]。考查上下文语义衔接与名词辨析。本题要求填入一个名词来判断大声阅读对他人的影响。我们从文章的第二段的末尾开始倒读,在第二段的末尾同样谈到了大声阅读对他人的影响,此处的用词是distraction,因此选复现的原词[B]。[A] interruption“打断,中止”,指的是瞬间行为使别人中断做某事,reading显然是一段时间的行为[C] bother“麻烦,不便”,往往指“麻烦他人做某事”[D] pressure“压力”。

  5. 选[A]。考查形近词辨析。本题需填入一个形容词来表示“历史发展”,四个选项都是同根词,都与历史有关[A] historical“历史上的,历史记载的”[B] historic“(历史上)著名的,重要的”[C] history“历史,历史学”[D] historian“历史学家”。文章中主要表示客观的历史的发展,因此选[A]。

  6. 选[B]。考查名词辨析。所填词表达阅读任务本身在……方面的改变,是对阅读这一任务的修饰或指代,因此排除[A] quality“(人的)品德,品性(事物的)品质,质量”,不能用来修饰默读的品质,同时排除[C] personality“(人的)个性,人格,人物”,用来指代人而不能指代物而[D] distinctiveness“(品质性格或外表)与众不同”,强调的是与其他事物的差别,本题并不是强调默读与别的事物的差别。因此,只有[B] character“(事物的)特性,特质,(人或物)特点,特征”,正好可以用来指默读的特性。

  7. 选[C]。考查形近词辨析。四个选项都是同根词,[A] literate是形容词,表示“能读会写的,识字的”,如果表达的是会读写的人越来越多,则应用increase in the literate,the后面接形容词表示某类人。[B] illiterate“文盲”或“不识字的,没受教育的”,与文中意思相反选项[C] literacy是名词,指的是“有读写能力,有文化”,该句要表达的是文化素质提高,因此是increase in literacy[D] literature“文学,作品”,不符合题意。

  8. 选[B]。考查上下文语义衔接。前一分句讲读者数目增加了readers increased,那么相应地听别人读书的人应该是减少了。与increased形成反义词复现的只有[B] declined“下降”。而且从As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common…也可得到证实。其他选项,[A] receded“后退,倒退”,不能用来修饰the number[C] increased、[D] expanded“膨胀,扩张”均与文意相反。

  9. 选[C]。考查上下文语义衔接。空格所在句与上一句之间的关系是因果关系。正是因为读书的人数目增多,潜在的听者的数目下降,所以大声朗读的要性也就减弱。很自然由此得出正确答案[C] reduction“减少,减弱”。[A] limitation“限制”、[B] necessity“要性,需要”、[D] shrink“缩水,萎缩”。

  10. 选[A]。考查上下文语义衔接。空格所在句与上一句之间的逻辑关系是因果关系,由as和so连接。上一句讲的是reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common。本题需要填入一个形容词与上文形成对比,应选[A] private“私人的”。该句句意:随着读书作为一种为听众服务而存在的活动愈来愈不常见,它逐渐变成一种大众场所普遍的私人活动。其他选项[B] overt“公开的”、[C] public“大众的,公开的”与文义相反[D] secret“秘密的”与空格后的public相矛盾,秘密活动怎么会在大众场所进行?

  11. 选[A]。考查动词辨析。四个选项均有“产生、引起、导致”之意,但其用法并不相同。选项[A] cause“引起,导致”,表示事件起因和结果之间的关系[B] effect指通过克服困难或采取有计划的行为而取得成果[C] produce着重表示见到的或实际的后果[D] realize表示希望计划、理想会成为现实。本文中表示一种因果关系,所以只有[A]符合题意。

  12. 选[A]。考查形容词辨析。分析四个选项,[A] considerable“相当多的,相当可观的”、[B] considerate“考虑周到的”、[C] moderate“中等的,适度的,适中的”、[D] immoderate“不适中的,不合适的”。由still这个词可知此处为肯定的含义,故选[A]。该句意思为:到世纪末仍然存在着许多争论。

  13. 选[C]。考查上下文语义衔接与副词辨析。所填副词修饰动词treat,首先排除[A] respectively“分别地,各自地”,因为被treated的只有books一种同时排除[D] relatively“相应地”,因为没有说明被对待的程度[B] honorably“值得尊敬地,体面地”,应该是尊敬地对待,而不能是值得尊敬地对待,所以选[C] respectfully“尊敬地,谦恭地”。

  14. 选[C]。考查上下文语义衔接与副词辨析。空格处需填一个副词修饰weaken“削弱,使变弱”。分析四个选项,[A] largely“主要地,大量地,在很大程度上地”[B] intelligently“聪明地”[C] mentally“精神上地,智力上地”[D] physically“体力上地”。根据上下文的意思,阅读是一种智力上的行为,因此只有[C]符合题意。该句句意:人们讨论阅读诸如报纸这样的材料是否在某种程度上是智力上的削弱。

  15. 选[B]。考查上下文逻辑衔接。主句讲的是那种共同分享文化知识的习俗已经成为过去,分句中提到了大声阅读的优点its values,由此可以判断主句和分句间的关系是让步关系,用副词whatever“无论什么,不管什么”连接,后面省略了主语和谓语“it had”。[A] However“然而,可是”,表示转折关系[C] whichever“任何一个”[D] wherever“无论哪里”,表示的是地点。

  16. 选[A]。考查上下文语义衔接。上句说到传统的文化已经消失,这句谈到现在的媒体方式。前者肯定是被后者所取代的,因此选[A] replace“取代,代替”,符合题意。该句句意:取代传统习俗的一方面是现代的印刷媒体。[B] take“拿,取”、[C] follow“追随,跟随”、[D] distinguish“区别”。本题易误选[C],这是因为没有弄明白传统文化方式与现在媒体关系。

  17. 选[D]。考查形近词辨析。选项[A] specific“明确的,确切的”[B] special“特别的,特殊的,专门的”[C]specified“明确规定的”[D] specialized“专门的,专业的”。readership是一个抽象的概念,指“读者的身份”。选项中可修饰这个词的只有specialized,意为“专业化的”,因此选[D]。

  18. 选[B]。考查上下文逻辑衔接。本题涉及到上下文的逻辑关系,而且难度较大,因为空格所在处实际为一个省略主谓语的插入成分,即if (it is) not impossible,指的是students were being recommended…这件事可能的话。如果选其他三项,则说明impossible与inappropriate并列,都修饰attitudes与skills,说被推荐的读书态度与读书使用的技能是不可能的,显然不合逻辑,不可能怎么还会推荐呢,所以排除其他三项而选[B]。

  19. 选[D]。考查上下文语义衔接与动词辨析。[A] translated“翻译”[B] differ“不一致,不同”,为不及物动词[C] shift “改变位置或方向”[D] alter“改变,更改”。该句讲在科学文化领域的进步改变了“读书”这个词的含义,因此应选[D]。

  20. 选[D]。考查动词用法。所填词的主语是the term reading,排除主语应为人的选项[B] advise“建议,劝告”与[C] induce“劝诱,促使”。[A] infer“推断”、[D] imply“暗示,意味”,文章问“阅读”这个术语(the term “reading”)意味着什么,而不是说它能推断什么,因此选[D]。

责编:jiaojiao95

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