阅读理解
Napoleon, as a character inTolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having“fat little hands.” Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.” He is said to be“undersized, “ with “short legs” and a“round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description—it seems not that far off from historical accounts—but his choice of facts: other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.
It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry: doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war! “ he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon“walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.”
Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s. . . face, “ Tolstoy writes, and“taking him by the ear pulled it gently. . .” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?” said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.
Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.
1. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is .
A. far from the historical facts B. based on the Russian history
C. based on his selection of facts D. not related to historical details
2. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because .
A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms
B. the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to accept
C. the Russians stopped his military movement
D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with
3. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?
A. To walk out of the room in anger. B. To show agreement with him.
C. To say something about the Tsar. D. To express his admiration.
4. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is .
A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests
B. fond of showing off his iron will
C. determined in destroying all of Europe
D. crazy for power and respect
5. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?
A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.
B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.
C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.
D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.
【参考答案】1--5、 CADDA
阅读理解
Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment.Children’s relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school，and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school，becoming depressed and other problems.
Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play
When 6yearold Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning，her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie.“Though they were only separated by a weekend，the girls ran right into each other’s arms and hugged，”recalls Rachel’s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert.“It was like a scene from a movie.”
Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child.Experts agree that friendship is not simply child’s play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.
A Skill for Life
“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood，” says Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia，psychologist with the Center for Children’s Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.
Researcher William Hartup states，“Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior，but rather，how well a child gets along with other children.
The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.
Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen
Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish highquality friendships.But，researchers warn，these friendships don’t necessarily just happen.Often，a good friendship begins with involved parents.
Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.
Bad Company
Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child’s friendships.“When she was in 1st grade，her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her，” says Mindy Miller.“My daughter wasn’t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class.It really crushed her spirit.I told my daughter she didn’t need a ‘friend’ like that.”
“I’ll bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him，” AdlerTapia says.“I don’t look at it as manipulation (操纵)，just positive parental involvement.”
【语篇解读】 研究表明，童年时期的友谊对孩子的将来有着非常重要的意义。
5.The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to illustrate that________.
A.childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth
B.a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems
C.it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life
D.Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend
解析 细节理解题。文中六岁的Rachel与她的朋友Abbie之间的友谊例证了本部分的标题Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play，再结合文章首句可知应选A项。
答案 A
6.The underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by________.
A.aggressive B.disappointing
C.ridiculous D.harmful
解析 词义猜测题。根据文中的“The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.”可知，“detrimental”与句中的“beneficial”相对应，因此“detrimental”与“harmful”同义。
答案 D
7.We can learn from the passage that highquality friendship most probably results from______.
A.social skills and good study habits
B.school grades and classroom behaviors
C.academic success and social adaptation
D.positive parental involvement and social skills
解析 细节理解题。根据Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen中的“a good friendship begins with involved parents”与“kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading”可知，D项正确。
答案 D
8.From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia agrees that________.
A.parents should regard making friends as something that just happens
B.it’s wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships
C.parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations
D.parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can
解析 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句可推知，父母应该在孩子交友的问题上给予指导，避免其受到不良影响，因此选B。
答案 B
