.单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Because of the dry weather, fires ________ in many places recently.
A.have broken away B.have broken down
C.have broken out D.have broken in
答案：C 句意：由于天气干燥，近来很多地方发生了火灾。break away“逃走;逃脱”;break down“破坏;拆散”;break out“战争，火灾等突然爆发”;break in“闯入;强行进入”。结合句意选C。
2.________ made her surprised was ________ she received a bunch of flowers for no good reason yesterday.
A.That; how B.What; that
C.What; what D.That; that
答案：B 句意：让她吃惊的是昨天她莫名其妙地收到了一束花。what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语;that引导表语从句，在从句中并不充当成分。
3.After water which is ________ to life appeared on the earth, life began to develop.
A.interesting B.funny
C.fundamental D.fond
答案：C 句意：生命存在的基本要素——水，在地球上出现之后，生命开始发展。be fundamental to对……是基本的。
4.Once, there, in the small village, ________ a big tree dating back to 100 years ago. But now it has gone.
A.happened B.came
C.seemed D.stood
答案：D 句意：在这个小村庄里曾经有一棵一百多年的大树。但是现在不见了。happen“发生”;come“来”;seem似乎;stand“站，矗立”。
5.(2014·西安高一检测)—Why not buy the car since you show so much interest in it?
—But I am not able to buy ________.
A.so a big car B.such big a car
C.so big a car D.such big car
答案：C 句意：——既然你对这辆车那么感兴趣，为什么不买?——可是我买不起这么大的车。so+adj.+a(n)+n.=such+a(n)+adj.+n.。故选C。
6.If we don't follow his advice, I'm sure we will regret ______.
A.on time B.at times
C.from time to time D.in time
答案：D 句意：如果我们不采纳他的建议，我确信我们迟早会后悔的。on time按时;at times时而，不时;from time to time有时，不时地;in time迟早，总有一天。
7.It is widely accepted that smoking is ________ to our health.
A.harmful B.harmless
C.useful D.helpful
答案：A 句意：吸烟有害于健康已被广泛接受。be harmful to对……有害。harmless无害的;useful有用的;helpful有帮助的。
8.(2014·杭州高一检测)—Do you know the reason why his parents ________ him joining us last night?
—I have no idea.
A.kept B.prevented
C.protected D.promised
答案：B 句意：——你知道昨晚他父母为什么不让他加入我们吗?——我不知道。keep sb from doing sth结构中from不可省。protect保护;promise答应，而prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事，符合题意。
9.The brave man ________ his clothes and jumped into the river to save the drowning boy.
A.pulled on B.pulled away
C.pulled in D.pulled off
答案：D 句意：那位勇士(匆忙)脱下衣服，跳进河里救那个落水男孩。pull off“脱掉(衣、帽等)”，符合句意;pull on“穿上(袜子)，戴上(手套)”;pull away“离开，摆脱”;pull in“(慢慢)驶入”。
10.Try and ________ a bit; life isn't that bad!
A.cheer up B.come up
C.look up D.put up
答案：A 句意：试着高兴点儿吧，生活并不是那么糟!cheer up“感到高兴;感到振奋”，符合题意。come up“走近;发芽”;look up“向上看;查询;好转”;put up“举起;建造”。
11.The house rent is expensive. I've got about half the space I had at home and I'm paying ________ as there.
A.as three times much B.as much three times
C.much as three times D.three times as much
答案：D 因句中空格后有连词as，其前必定用原级。根据“倍数+as+adj./adv.+as”结构，可知D项正确。
12.________ earthquakes have happened one after another in recent years, which have caused great damage.
A.Violent B.Light
C.Rude D.Heavy
答案：A 句意：最近几年，剧烈的地震一个接一个地发生，造成了严重损害。violent猛烈的，狂暴的，剧烈的;light轻的;rude粗暴的;heavy重的。结合句意选A。
13.(2014·福州高一检测)________ you want to work in a foreign country, you'd better improve your oral English.
A.So that B.Now that
C.Such that D.In order that
答案：B 句意：既然你想去国外工作，你最好提高你的英语口语。so that因此;now that既然;in order that为了……，结合句意选B。
14.In order to stop the driver escaping punishment, all the main streets were ________.
A.blocked off B.blocked out
C.blocked up D.blown up
答案：A 句意：为了阻止司机逃脱惩罚，所有的主路都被封锁了。block off(用路障)封锁;block out挡住(光线);block up塞住;blow up爆炸。结合句意选A。
15.While crossing the street, you should ________ for cars.
A.watch out B.take out
C.bring out D.come out
答案：A 句意：过马路时，要留心车。watch out“密切注视;当心;提防”，符合句意。take out“拿出;取出”;bring out“使显示;出版;生产”;come out“出来;长出”。
.完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，理解大意，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed__16__. Astronauts who are__17__to go there in the next decade may find plenty__18__water to slake(消除)their thirst.And with water present the__19__of finding some sort of life on Mars are__20__brighter.
This is the view of forty geologists who have been analyzing__21__of pictures and other scientific__22__obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventies.
To begin with, scientists thought the Red planet was as__23__as the Moon__24__dust storms swirling over vast sandy__25__. But now the picture is very different__26__mountains and valleys carved by__27__glaciers and rivers rushing and rumbling deep underground.
In a report on the analysis of the Martian pictures Dr.Michael Car of the U.S.Geological Survey comments: “I am convinced__28__lots of water on Mars.” Any surface water will be in the__29__of ice.But it could save explorers from__30__to take so much__31__with them.
The report says__32__Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages__33__due to its axis (轴) having been more tilted (倾斜) towards the sun.
__34__signs of plant or animal life have been detected by instruments landed on Mars，__35__the landing vehicles have been sent there for a few years.
16.A.it is B.it
C.it to be D.was
答案：C 根据新的资料显示，火星似乎并不像我们过去认为的那么干燥。it代替前面的专有名词Mars; to be 为不定式的省略式，其后面省略了dry。 不定式的省略式通常省略to后面的成分，但后面为to be结构时，就要保留be而省略其后面的成分。
17.A.expected B.hoped
C.required D.sent
答案：A expect somebody to do something表示“期待某人做某事”。这里用其被动语态形式：be expected to do sth。表示“某人被期待做某事”。
18.A.to B.of
C.more D.in
答案：B 此句的“plenty of=a lot of”为固定词组，意思是“大量;许多;充足”。
19.A.chances B.openings
C.occasions D.possibility
答案：A 本句的意思是“由于水的发现，在火星上面找到某种生命形式的机会就变得更加明朗了”。
20.A.quite B.very
C.much D.more
答案：C 此处的much用来修饰比较级，其它选项都不能修饰比较级，但quite better除外。
21.A.a few B.many
C.thousand D.thousands
答案：D thousands of用复数形式表示不确定的数字，此处意思是“数以千计的”，后接复数名词;a few of后接“限定词+复数名词”，意思是“某(固定)范围内的一些”;many of 后接“限定词+复数名词”，意思是“某(固定范围)内的许多”。
22.A.skills B.news
C.intelligence D.information
答案：D 指的是“在六七十年代探测器获得的其他科学信息(information)”。
23.A.peaceful B.quiet
C.lifeless D.dead
答案：C 此句的意思是“刚开始的时候，科学家认为这颗红色的行星象月球一样没有生命(lifeless)”。
24.A.of B.with
C.for D.through
答案：B 此处为“with+名词/代词+不定式、分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等”构成的复合结构作状语。
25.A.deserts B.mountains
C.rivers D.seas
答案：A 此句意思是“沙暴(dust storms)在广袤的沙漠(deserts)上旋转”。
26.A.from B.between
C.for D.with
答案：D 注意此题的关键是要搞清它不是be different from结构，因为此结构后的名词前要用限定词，而该空后面的名词前无限定词，故可排除。此空与第24空一样，为“with复合结构”作状语。
27.A.energetic B.great
C.heavy D.powerful
答案：D 这里用powerful形容冰河对山谷冲刷的威力巨大。
28.A.there's B.there're
C.here's D.here're
答案：A 此句用的是“there be”结构，其后面的名词water(即主语)为不可数名词，故谓语动词be用单数形式。
29.A.appearance B.way
C.form D.shape
答案：C 词组in the form of的意思是“以……形式”。此句意思是“任何表面上的水将以冰的形式存在。”
30.A.have B.having
C.carry D.carrying
答案：B from为介词，后面接动词的ing形式，故可排除A和C两个选项;本空为have to 结构，意思是“必须;不得不”，所以其后接动词原形。
31.A.water B.ice
C.equipment D.oxygen
答案：A 此句的意思是“水的存在使探险者们不用随身携带大量的水。”
32.A.what B.if
C.how D.that
答案：D 此句意思是“报告说由于火星的轴在过去的岁月中更倾斜于太阳，那时火星的天气，可能比现在暖和”。此处that引导一个宾语从句，其本身在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何词汇意义，仅起连接的作用。
33.A.pass B.past
C.ago D.before
答案：B “in ages past”表示“在过去的岁月中”。
34.A.Not B.No
C.Nor D.Never
答案：B no为形容词，等于“not a/not any”， 表示“没有”，后接名词; 而not的后面一般接动词、形容词或从句等成分。
35.A.probably B.perhaps
C.supposed D.although
答案：D although 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管……，但是……。”
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet(彗星). When the fragments(碎片)landed in the southern part of the grand planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?
The year is 2094. It had been announced that a comet is heading towards the earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the earth. The news has caused panic.
On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the spend of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and million of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.
Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the earth, but the north won't escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosion. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.
Could it really happen? It has already happened more than once in the history of the earth. The dinosaur were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn't survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?
36.Which of the following is NOT true according to the author's description of the disaster in 2094?
A.The whole world becomes extremely cold.
B.All the coastal cities in Africa are destroyed.
C.The whole mankind becomes extinct.
D.The visit of the comet results in wars.
答案：C 辨别正误题。据第三自然段的描述可知，A、B、D均符合本文所假想的事实，只有C不符。文中“No more than 10 million people have survived”一句意为“只有一千万人幸存下来”，而C项说全人类都灭绝了。显然与文章不符。题干要求找出不对的选项。
37.Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?
A.Because they could only live in the warm climate.
B.Because they once dominated the earth.
C.Because their extinction indicates future disasters.
D.Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age.
答案：C 推理判断题。第三段中，作者描述假想的人类灾难……最后一段提到生活在地球上的恐龙在65 million years ago突然消失(即灭绝)，许多科学家相信地球曾受到过外空星体碎片的袭击，故而导致恐龙绝种。由此暗示人类未来的灾难。
38.In writing the passage, the author intends to________.
A.give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the future
B.prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyed
C.tell the historical development of the earth
D.warn of a possible disaster in the future
答案：D 观点态度题。本题要求考生推测作者意图。作者通过一段幻想的灾难和一段地球历史上出现过的恐龙绝迹的事实以及科学家们分析恐龙绝迹的原因，来警示人类未来可能发生的灾难。
39.It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n)________.
A.horror story
B.news report
C.research paper
D.article of popular science
答案：D 推理判断题。据全文大意，又据文章的性质，可判定D为最佳选项。A、B、C均不太妥当。
B
(2014·山西省大同高一下学期期中)
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35, 880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit. So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
40.Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?
A.Sending information for weather forecast.
B.Taking photographs of the Earth.
C.Sending TV pictures.
D.Providing food for airplane pilots.
答案：D 从第一段可知，A、B项的内容都是卫星的功能，从第三段可知，卫星还可以发送电视画面，而D项内容文中并未提及。
41.What's the speed the earth rotates at?
A.35,880 kilometers per hour.
B.335,880 kilometers per hour.
C.11,000 kilometers per hour.
D.110,000 kilometers per hour.
答案：C 从第三段的This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates.可知C项为正确答案。
42.What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?
A.A satellite.
B.A little rocket.
C.A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.
D.The satellite puts the rockets in the right position.
答案：C 上一句话的意思是：有时候我们看到天空中的卫星好像呆在同一个地方，这是因为……，故本题答案为C。
43.Which is true of satellites?
A.A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years.
B.Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.
C.A broken satellite is never left in space.
D.They often crash into each other.
答案：A 从最后一段的第三句话可知A项正确。
C
Brian arrived at the San Francisco airport two hours before the flight to Paris. He was wearing three shirts, a jacket，two pairs of socks，a pair of shorts, and two pairs of jeans. He was carrying one small backpack，which was very full, but he didn't have any other luggage. Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked in for his flight. He found Tony near the Air France counter. Tony gave him a roundtrip ticket and a small package.
“Give this package to Jean Paul at the airport in Paris. He will have a sign with your name on it. I think you can find him easily，” Tony said，“You don't have any luggage, right?”
“Only this backpack，” Brian answered，“You said I could bring one carryon bag.”
“That's right. One carryon bag is fine. Have a good trip.”
“Thanks.”
Is Brian a criminal? Not at all. He is an aircourier. And he paid only $ 110 for the roundtrip ticket to Paris. Aircouriers get cheap airline tickets because they take important packages and papers to foreign countries. Businesses sometimes need to get packages and papers to people in foreign countries by the next day. Often，the only way they can do this is to use an aircourier company. It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an aircourier，but it is quick.
Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as aircouriers. The number of tickets for courier travel is growing by about 10 percent a year. However, aircourier travel isn't for everyone. But if you have very little money，can be flexible about your travel plans，and don't mind wearing the same clothes for a week，it can be a great way to take a vacation!
文章大意：文章主要讲述了利用航空快递的利与弊。
44.Why was Brian wearing so many clothes for his travel?
A.Because they were the uniforms for aircouriers.
B.Because that made him easier to be recognized.
C.Because he would be charged for taking much luggage with him.
D.Because he was required not to have much luggage with him.
答案：D 细节理解题。由第三段“Only this backpack，” Brian answered, “You said I could bring one carryon bag.”可知，Brian只被允许带一个背包。
45.Who was Tony?
A.He might be an aircourier company clerk.
B.He might be a guard at the airport.
C.He might be Brian's friend.
D.He might be a customs official.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tony gave him a roundtrip ticket and a small package.托尼给了他(Brian)一张往返的机票及一个小包裹”，以及结合下文可知，Tony可能是一位航空快递公司的业务员。
46.Businesses choose the aircourier service because ________.
A.it costs less B.it is flexible
C.it grows fast D.it saves time
答案：D 细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句“It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an aircourier，but it is quick.用航空快递投递包裹不便宜但是它迅速。”可知选D。
47.Aircourier travel is a good choice for those who ______.
A.have much money
B.hate wearing the same clothes
C.have much personal luggage
D.are flexible about their travel plans
答案：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句话可知“航空快递旅行并不是适合每一个人。它主要面向那些钱少，旅行计划比较灵活的游客”，故选D。
D
The journey to the moon has been the first step towards future exploration in space. The distance between the Moon and Earth is very short indeed when compared with the distances between Earth and the other planets. Mars, the nearest planet to Earth is millions of miles away! Traveling to the planets will be man's next aim. Such travels will be more challenging than the trip to the moon and certainly more adventurous.
Recently, two American spaceships, Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars trying to discover whether that planet has any life on it. So far the signs of life on Mars has neither confirmed(确认)nor ruled out. Russians have discovered that the surface of Venus(金星)is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely dense(稠)and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that of the Earth's atmosphere.
Scientists believe man may find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on earth, but man should realize Earth will be his only home for a long time and begin to love and care for it.
48.According to the passage, traveling to the planets will be________.
A.much easier and even more interesting
B.far more exciting and dangerous
C.man's final aim
D.man's first step
答案：B 细节理解题。由文章第一段告诉我们人类向其他行星探索的行动将比去月球探索更加具有挑战性和冒险性。
49.From the passage, we can guess________.
A.there is life on Mars
B.there is no life on Mars
C.The atmosphere of Mars is not so dense as that of Venus
D.scientists will have little hope to find the answers
答案：C 推理判断题。由文中第二段第二句告诉我们，火星上是否有生命还不能确认，所以A、B排除。根据文章最后一段第一句可知：科学家相信人类能找到像我们地球上生存条件一样的行星。所以可以排除D。
50.Scientists think we should take care of our earth because________.
A.no other planets are to take the place of the earth
B.everything needed is provided by the earth
C.the only home of man will be the earth for a long time
D.the dream to find another home for man will come true
答案：C 细节理解题。最后一段讲明人类必须保护地球。根本原因在于人类在近期内无法找到能够和地球的生存常规交叉相提并论的星球，所以地球在很长时间内依然是人类赖以生存的家园。
E
(2013·天津)
Last night's meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.
“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”
Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds. According to the International DarkSky Association. “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”
Countless more animals casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.
Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文，作者通过一场不令人满意的流星雨引出话题，阐述了光污染对于人类及动物所造成的危害，号召人们不需要的时候，把灯关掉。
51.It happened last night that ________.
A.the city's lights affected the meteor watching
B.the meteors flew past before being noticed
C.the city light show attracted many people
D.the meteor watching ended up a social outing
答案：A 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话：他们发现的是被城市灯光照得如此明亮的天空使得划过我们头顶的流星暗淡无光，所以可以知道城市灯光影响了流星雨的观看。故选A项。
52.What do the astronomers complain about?
A.Meteor showers occur less often than before.
B.Their observation equipment is in poor repair.
C.Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.
D.Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.
答案：C 细节理解题。由第三段一、二句话，可知天文学家们几十年来以直报怨这个问题，说明光污染的问题多年没有解决。故选C项。
53.What the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?
A.Birds may take other migration paths.
B.Animal's living habits may change suddenly.
C.Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.
D.Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.
答案：D 细节理解题。第四段主要讲了室外光对于动物的影响，所以作者担心动物的生存受到室外光的威胁。故选D项。
54.Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to ________.
A.lessen the chance of getting cancer
B.create an ideal observation condition
C.ensure citizens a good sleep at night
D.enable all creatures to live in harmony
答案：B 细节理解题。由最后一段第二句话可知这个城市加强灯光规定是为了帮助观测台的天文学家们，也就是创造一个理想的观测条件。故选B项。
55.What message does the author most want to give us?
A.Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.
B.Great efforts should be made to save energy.
C.Human activities should be environmentally friendly.
D.New equipment should be introduced for space study.
答案：C 目的意图题。全文是关于光污染所造成的危害，也就是让人们知道人的活动应该注意环境保护。
Ⅳ.书面表达(满分25分)
(2014·湖南)
Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.
学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic ________”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。
内容：
1.说明设计理由;
2.介绍新功能。
注意：
1.词数不少于120个;
2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
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参考范文：
My magic neutral water pen
The neutral water pen is widely used in the process of study but we often have trouble using them because of its limited ink and other inconvenience.
To deal with these problems, consequently, I have worked heart and soul to create my own magic neutral water pen.
The most shining function of this newly designed pen is that it will contain special ink powder which makes it have endless ink. Furthermore, the pen is made of the extremely strong materials, which can protect the pen from the damage when it might fall down onto the ground. Better still, so smoothly does it write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.
Such is my magic neutral water pen. Are you interested in it? Hope it will be of great use for users.
