状语从句
状语从句可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、行为方式、比较、让步等。
1)时间状语从句
常用的关联词有when， whenever， before， after， while， as， once(一旦)，until， (ever) since， as soon as等。时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的情况通常用一般现在时。如：
When you cross a road， you must be careful.
It will not be long before we meet again.
She comes here every month since she was a child to see her grandmother.
As soon as I know it， I'll tell you.
2)地点状语从句
关联词有 where 和 wherever.如：
Sit down wherever you like.
Put it where you found it.
3)条件状语从句
关联词有if， unless， as / so long as(只要)，in case(万一)等。如：
As/So long as we don't give up， we are bound to succeed.(be bound to do sth. 注定要做某事;give up 放弃)
In case I gorget， please remind me of that.(remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人做某事)
If it snows tomorrow， we will stay at home.
I will do anything as long as it is interesting.
4)原因状语从句
关联词有because， as(由于，因为)， since(由于，既然)，now that(既然)，that等。
As I didn't know the way， I asked a policeman.
Since no one is against， we'll adopt the proposal.
Seeing that she's ill， she's unlikely to come.
Not that I dislike the work， but that I have no time.
because， as since， for 皆为“因为”时的区别：
a.because 语气最强，用以回答why引导的问句。它可和强调词only， just以及否定词not连用，其所引导的从句常位于主句之后，只有强调时才置于主句之前。Because从句还可以用于强调结构，如It was because I wanted to see my mother that I went to Beijing last month.(It was…that/ It is …that)
b.As语气较弱，较口语化，所表的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实，所以不用强调。As从句之前不可用强调句和not， 也不可用于强调结构。As从句多置于主句之前。
c.Since 的语气也比较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，往往相当于汉语的“既然”。它和as 一样，其前也不可用强调词和not， 也不可用强调结构。
d.For 和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个等立连词，比较文气。它有时可用来作附加说明，We must get rid of carelessness， for it often leads to errors. 我们一定要克服粗枝大叶的毛病，因为这常导致错误。
5)目的状语从句
关联词有so that， in order that， for fear that(以免)， in case(以免)等。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
He spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.
I've got the key in case we want to go inside.
6)结果状语从句
关联词有so that， so…that， such…that等。such+名词，so+形容词，副词。
It's such a good chance that we can't miss it.
He was so angry that he could not speak.
Everybody lent a hand so that the work was finished ahead of time.
7)方式状语从句
关联词主要有as(正如)和as if， as though.
He looks as if he's tired.
I did just as you told me.
8)让步状语从句
关联词有though， although， as(虽然)， even if， even though， no matter， whatever， however等。
Though I am fond of music， I can't play any instrument.(be fond of 喜爱)
Although it is difficult， we'll do it.
Whatever you say， I don't believe you.
as 引导让步状语从句时， 句子需要倒装。
Try as you may， you will never succeed.
Young as she is， she is already familiar with most of the stories.
(be familiar with 对……熟悉;be similar to 和……相似)
Old as I am， I can still climb the mountain.
9)比较状语从句
关联词主要有than和as(像…一样)。
I can walk faster than you can run.
He spent twice as much time on this picture as on that one.
He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.
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