2018年学位英语考试自测习题及答案（18）_第2页

　　Passage 3 　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

　　一网支招：眼睛麻利些，您会发现这些熟悉的字眼：母乳喂养，糖尿病等等。充分利用我们宝贵的常识储备吧，因为如此的话题，我们应该是忒熟悉的。

　　Breastfeeding (母乳喂养) for a month or longer appears to reduce a woman's risk of getting diabetes (糖病) later in life, according to a new study. The breastfeeding and diabetes link has been reported in other studies, according to researcher Eleanor Schwarz. Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe. Her study is published in a journal of medicine in America. Schwarz and her colleagues looked at data about breastfeeding practices. They evaluated data on 2,233 women f~om Califomia. Of those, 405 were not mothers, 1,125 were mothers who breastfed for at least a month, and 703 were mothers who had never breastfed. They were 40 to 78 years old.

　　According to Schwarz's study, the risk of getting a diagnosis (诊断) of Type 2 diabetes for women who breastfed all their children for a month or longer was similar to that of women who had not given birth. But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth. Mothers who never breastfed were about 1.4 times as likely to develop diabetes as women who breastfed for one to three months, Schwarz found.

　　While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better. (80) “Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body.” Many experts recommend breastfeeding for six months and continuing for a year, she says.

　　The diabetes-breastfeeding link is probably explained by belly fat. Mothers, who don't breastfeed, as they get older, may have more belly fat, as breastfeeding helps new mothers take off weight. “Belly fat increases the risk of diabetes as you get older,” she says.

　　The finding isn't surprising at all, says Kimberly Gregory. She often gives advice to women who get diabetes (occurring during pregnancy (怀孕)) that they are at risk for later getting Type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed. The new findings will probably inspire Gregory to add to the-advice she gives moms-to-be about the benefits of breastfeeding. She often focuses on the benefits to the baby.

　　11. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. About two thousand and two hundred old women took part in the study.

　　B. Eleanor Schwarz's research program was about men and women who suffered from diabetes.

　　C. Over one fifths of the women never got married.

　　D. Eleanor Schwarz's results seem more reliable.

　　【答案】D。答案：此题目带着选项关键词去原文中一目一行猎取有价值的线索，A选项在第一段，人数是二千多，但是参加者可不是old women，而是40到70之间。出题人是在考察您的眼力哪，如果您不仔细的话，就错误选择了;

　　B选项：同样在第一段，没有提到男人。排除;C选项，原文中没有提及，排除;

　　根据文章第一段“Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe”，可知她的研究使人们更容易信服，即是D选项“more reliable”的同义转述。

　　12. According to Schwarz's findings, who are more likely to get diabetes later in life?

　　A. Those mothers who had never breastfed. 　B. Those mothers who never gave birth.

　　C. Those mothers who breastfed for a month. D. Those mothers who breastfed for six months.

　　【答案】A。答案：充分利用我们宝贵的常识储备：母乳喂养的好处。答案是A。

　　认证答案：带着题干关键词：According to Schwarz's findings，一目一行定位答案范围在：文章第二段第二句话：“But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth”可知，从未进行过母乳喂养的母亲患糖尿病的几率是最大的，因此选A。

　　13. Which of the following statements would Schwarz agree with?

　　A. Breastfeeding is not advisable because it is not good for a mom to keep a good shape.

　　B. Breastfeeding can greatly reduce a mother's chances of getting all kinds of serious disease.

　　C. Breastfeeding for a month is highly recommended: the longer, the better.

　　D. Breastfeeding for a month or longer makes babies smarter.

　　【答案】C。答案：利用常识解题法，五秒钟解决它。A选项排除，大大有悖于常识储备，与12小题相互矛盾;B选项，all 表达的意思太绝对，能够包治百病，引申过度，排除;D选项不切题，文章主要是说母乳喂养对母亲的好处，同时应该是母乳喂养使小孩更加健康，而不是smarter。

　　认证答案：文章第三段开头一句While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better符合C选项的意思。

　　14. What does the author mean by “moms-to-be” in the last paragraph?

　　A. Women who are pregnant, especially for the first time.

　　B. Women who dream of having babiesfor the first time.

　　C. Women who already have children.

　　D. Women who have just got babies for the first time.

　　【答案】A。答案：其实此题目我们完全可以从字面上，揪出正确答案来：moms-to-be，to be 不定式表达将来的动作，即moms 的动作在将来，意思就是“准妈妈们”，因此选A“怀孕的女性”。

　　认证答案：最后一自然段倒数第二句话。答案是A。

　　15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?

　　A. Breasffeeding May Enhance Babies' Chances of Survival

　　B. Breasffeeding May Lower Moms' Diabetes Risk

　　C. Breasffeeding May Become Very Fashioaable in Near Future

　　D. Breasffeeding May Help Women Lose Weight

　　【答案】B。答案：结合前面题目提供的信息，我们不难发现文章大意是：母乳喂养的好处，降低糖尿病的发生。与之匹配的选项B。

　　忒详解：主旨题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍母乳喂养和患糖尿病之间的关系，及B Breastfeeding May Lower Moms’ Diabetes Risk母乳喂养降低母亲患糖尿病几率。

　　【全 文 翻 译】

　　根据最新的一个研究，进行母乳喂养一个月或者更长时间有助于减少女性在后期生活中患糖尿病的风险。据研究者Eleanor Schwarz说，母乳喂养和糖尿病之间的关系在其他的一些研究中也有报道过。但是，她的研究使什么更容易相信这种联系。她的研究发表在了美国的一家医学期刊上。Schwarz和她的同事们研究了关于母乳喂养的数据。他们评估了来自加利福尼亚州的2233位女性的数据。其中，405位不是母亲，1125位是进行母乳喂养至少一个月的母亲，703位是从来没进行过母乳喂养的母亲。他们年龄在40到78岁之间。

　　根据Schwarz的研究，用母乳喂养至少一个月或更长的女性患2型糖尿病的几率与从未生育过的女性是一样的。但是从来没有进行过母乳喂养的母亲患病几率几乎是从未生育过女性的两倍。没有进行过母乳喂养的女性患病几率是进行母乳喂养一到三个月的女性的1.4倍，Schwarz发现。

　　尽管一个月的母乳喂养就会起作用，Schwarz说，但是时间越长越好。先前的研究表明母亲用母乳喂养的时间越长，她身体获得的益处会越多。许多专家建议进行母乳喂养六个月，继续坚持到一年，她说。

　　腹部脂肪可以解释母乳喂养和糖尿病之间的这种联系。不进行母乳喂养的母亲，当她们岁数变大时，可能会产生更多腹部脂肪，因为母乳喂养会帮助新妈妈们减轻体重。“随着你年龄的增长，腹部脂肪会增加你患糖尿病的几率”，她说。

　　这项发现并不令人意外，Kimberly Gregory说。她常常建议(在怀孕期间)患糖尿病的女性说她们以后还有患2型糖尿病的风险，并且建议她们进行母乳喂养。新的发现将会鼓舞Gregory更加鼓励准妈妈们以后进行母乳喂养。她总是很关注带给婴儿的好处。

　　第二部分 词汇与结构

　　16. You should carefully think over_____ the manager said at the meeting.

　　A. that B. which C. what D. whose

　　答案：从句接在think over 动词短语的后面，说明这是一个宾语从句;从句the manager said 缺少宾语，即宾语从句不完整，A选项排除;B选项要求从句前面有所指代，而题干中没有，排除;D选项，whose后面接名词，也没有提供，排除;答案是 C。

　　一网支招： what = all that，名词性从句中that和what 是高频考点 。至于为什么请参阅本网校语法部分。

　　17. Last week I wrote to the hotel to book a room, but they _____ yet.

　　A. didn't answer B. wasn't answering 　C. hadn't answered D. haven't answered

　　答案：仔细观察选项，我们知道此题目考察时态。首先判断语言环境：根据句子大意，空格处的语言环境应该是“现在”(但是直到现在都没有回复)。故而答案不就一目了然了吗?答案是D。

　　一网支招：做时态和语态的题目，判断语言环境是最最重要的了。即判断记住是说什么时候的事情，说过去的事情用过去的时态，说现在的事情用现在的时态;说将来的事情用将来的时态。最最基本的弄清楚出题人的意图，考察您什么东西，我亲爱的学员朋友，当作一项能力去培养吧。

　　18. Diana felt very much upset at ___to the party as she had longed to go for a long time.

　　A. having not been invited B. not having been invited

　　C. not to be invited D. to be not invited

　　答案：仔细浏览选项，我们知道，此题目考察非谓语。非谓语动词invite作介词宾语，非谓语动词invite与主语Diana之间是被动的逻辑关系，因为“没被邀请参加晚会”这个动作发生在谓语动作felt之前，所以用非谓语的完成时，排除A与B选项;再者，非谓语的否定词not要置于非谓语的前面。答案是B。

　　一网温馨提醒：弄清楚出题人的意图，是一项我们必须长期培养的能力。而且一般而言语言点是不会重复的。但是这里有三十小题，可能也有例外。千万千万注意那些高频考点。

　　19. On no account __ held responsible for the car accident, so he should not be put into prison.

　　A. the driver can be B. can the driver be 　C. the driver be D. be the driver

　　答案：仔细浏览选项，出题人的意图就一目了然了：我们不难发现，此题目考察倒装结构(A与C选项正常语序;B与D选项，倒装结构);所以我们最首先弄清楚的是是否倒装结构。如何判断是否倒装结构：按照中文的正常语序，不能呆在句首的词语，而呆在了句首，那么这句话就得倒装，尤其是那些否定意义的词语。

　　本题目中的On no account“决不”，按照中文语序，就不应该呆在句首，所以需要倒装结构，排除A与C选项;但D出现谓语动词be原形不对，不可能没有迹象，莫名其妙出现动词原形的，这点也请学员朋友千万千万注意。

　　20. All the kids are crying now. What_____makes them so unhappy?

　　A. it is B. is it C. it is that D. is it that

　　答案：亲爱的学员朋友，看到C与D选项，难道您没有一点感触：出题人考察强调句结构。