2018年学位英语阅读理解习题及答案（4）_第2页

　　11.According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected_____.

　　A.because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume

　　B.because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume

　　C.because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications

　　D.because they eliminated their names from the applicants’ list themselves

　　答案A.答题依据是第一段最后一句话"It's amazing how many candidates to eliminate themselves," ”he say. 和第二段第一句Resumes arrive with stains.前一句是结果，后一句是原因。题干中job applicants，rejected分别与文中candidates，eliminate对应。答案选项中的carelessness与文中stain对应。

　　12.The word "perfectionists" (Para. 3, Line 1) refers to those who_____.

　　A.demand others to get everything absolutely right

　　B.know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances

　　C.pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives

　　D.are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do

　　答案C.答题时首先要依靠上下文。第三段第一句话中的too…to结构是设问：我们会不会对细节过份注重?第二句话中struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they wor toward意思是：以牺牲要做的大事为代价而注重一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事。由此可见Perfectionists(完美主义者)是一种事无巨细一概追求尽善尽美，但往往又失去主要目标的人。后一句To keep from the forest for the trees相当于中文的“只见树木不见森林”，“抓了芝麻丢了西瓜”一类说法。答题时还应搞清这一段在全文语篇发展中所起的承上启下的作用。本文前两段是批评人们粗枝大叶，不拘小节。这一段转而告诫人们不要过于拘泥于小节，吹毛求疵，而应该在注意细节的同时不忘整体。

　　13.Which of the following is the author's advice to the reader?

　　A.Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked.

　　B.Don't forget details when drawing pictures.

　　C.Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.

　　D.Careless applicants are not to be trusted.

　　答案A.推理依据有两处，第一处是第三段第二句话中struggle over little things at the cost of something larger，言下之意是：过于注重细节往往要付出很大代价。另一处是文章最后一段的最后一句话，意思是：只要人们把手头的一件件小事做好就可能得到很大的报偿。根据这两处所述，我们可以推断，作者会这样劝告人们“虽然过于注重细节可能要付出大的代价，但我们还是不应该忽略它们”。

　　14.The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that _______.

　　A.minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives

　　B.failure is the mother of success

　　C.adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work

　　D.keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked

　　答案D.首先要考虑作者在第三段的后半部分引用Charles Garfield所说的话We must constantly ask ourselves how the details we're working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else(我们必须不断地问自己，当前做的细节小事是否与整体大事相适应。如果不是这样，就应该放下它们，去做别的事)。作者的观点是：人们在做事时应时时注意调整局部与整体的关系。那么，什么是整体?在第四段中，作者以the Apollo II moon launch为例证，具体说明：目标是整体的关键所在，即在做事的过程中不断调整局部与全局的关系是为了最终实现已确定的目标。

　　15.The best title for this passage would be ________.

　　A.Don't Be a Perfectionists

　　B.Importance of Adjustments

　　C.Details and Major Objectives

　　D.Hard Work Plus Good Luck

　　答案C.答案应综合文章前后两部分的内容。前半部分说明粗枝大叶的害处，后半部分说明光注重细节而忽略细节与整体的关系同样是有害的。干扰项A、B内容均太窄，D项是细枝末节，与文章中心思想关联甚少。Passage Four本文介绍了古今世界各地不同的婚俗风情。

　　When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.

　　A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.

　　Consumers shoud complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

　　Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立体声音响)does not work."

　　The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers’rights.

　　16.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ______.

　　A. complain personally to the manager

　　B. threaten to take the matter to court

　　C. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

　　D. show some written proof of the purchase to the store

　　答案D.本题答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是：当顾客发现他(她)所买的商品有毛病或在其他方面未达到制造商所声称的标准时，第一步就是将保单或其他有助于解决问题的记录这家商店看。所以D“向这家商店出示书面证明”，与原文相符，是正确答案。而A“当面向经理申诉”，是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用，所以它不是此题答案。B“威胁将此事向法庭上诉”是在经理未能解决问题，写信给厂家也未能解决问题时才使用的方法，所以它也不是解决问题的第一步。C“给商店写一封态度强硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用的。所以A.B.C均不是正确答案。

　　17.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it’s better to complain to ______.

　　A. a shop assistant

　　B. the store manager

　　C. the manufacturer

　　D. a public organization

　　答案B.此题源于第二段。作者认为许多消费者使用的简单而又常用的办法是直接向商店经理投诉。

　　18. The most effective complaint can be made by ______.

　　A. showing the faulty item to the manufacturer

　　B. explaining exactly what is wrong with the item

　　C. saying firmly that the item is of poor quality

　　D. asking politely to change the item

　　答案B.原文第四段的大意是：当顾客申诉商品有质量问题时，态度要坚定、有礼貌，特别是如果消费者当场演示就能最有效地达到申诉目的。不能当场演示时也要提出比较具体的质量间题。A、C、D三项都是泛泛地说质量差、有毛病，而没能说出该商品哪一个具体的部位有毛病，所以都不是最有效的解决问题的办法。而B项“准确解释商品哪里有问题”与原文相符，是正确答案。

　　19. The phrase "live up to" (Para. 1, Line 2)in the context means ______.

　　A. meet the standard of

　　B. realize the purpose of

　　C. fulfil the demands of

　　D. keep the promise of

　　答案A.live up to所在句子的意思是：“当顾客发现他所购买的商品有毛病或在某种程度上没有达到制造商所声称的标准时，…”。B项“实现(制造商所声称的)目的”，句意不通;C项“满足(制造商所声称的)要求”;D项“履行(制造商所声称的)承诺”，C、D两项均与原文意思不符。而A项“达到(制造商所声称的)标准”正是原文所表达的意思，所以是正确答案。

　　20. Tthe passage tells us ______.

　　A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item

　　B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item

　　C. how to avoid buying a faulty item

　　D. how to deal with complaints from customers

　　答案B.从全文看，作者向读者推荐了几种申诉伪劣商品的办法，可见作者是站在顾客的立场上的。而A.D两项是站在卖方的立场;C项在文章中未提到，所以它们都不是正确答案。B项“如何有效地申诉有质量问题的商品”与原文意思相符是此题答案。