2017年成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案二

　　Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.

　　Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.

　　Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.

　　1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it _____.

　　A. was difficult to collect

　　B. came in a variety of forms

　　C. was difficult to get rid of

　　D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects

　　参考答案：C 答案是开头的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it. Dispose of “处理解决”。

　　2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?

　　A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.

　　B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.

　　C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.

　　D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.

　　参考答案：B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他们设计了一种收集系统，它不但利用身体的热，还收集由灯泡、冰箱等散发出来的热。有了这两种热能，作者指出在校园中已无需任何conventional fuel。

　　3.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means _____.

　　A. if the winter is especially warm

　　B. during all of the year except the winter

　　C. in the winter as well as in other seasons

　　D. during the evenings in the winter

　　参考答案：C 第二段中说：大多数现代化的大楼有些部分-戏院、办公室以及教室是用人体和灯光的热来供热的，有时候甚至在冬天的空调也是由它们来供热。Even意为“甚至”。

　　4. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a _____.

　　A. method of concealing the source of heat

　　B. special form of air conditioning

　　C. supplementary hot water system

　　D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat

　　参考答案：D 回收再利用热能。此题考察学生对全文的总结能力，以及reclaim和re-use的词义。

　　5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?

　　A. A fat female who studies hard.

　　B. A thin female who does not study.

　　C. A fat male who does not study.

　　D. A thin male who studies hard.

　　参考答案：B 最后一段倒数第二句说：男学生发出的热量比女生发出的热量多，学生体重越重产生的热量越多。学习刻苦的比学习不刻苦的产生的热量多。所以最瘦的女生产生的热量最少。

　　One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon—it's already here.

　　While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.

　　Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

　　6. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ______.

　　A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes

　　B. obtain more convenient services than other people do

　　C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper

　　D. cash money wherever he wishes to

　　参考答案：B)。短文第一段是关于信用卡(credit card)的。B项的根据是第一段中的They (credit cards) give their owners automatic credit in stores…和...can be read automatically.既然信用卡能在商店、餐馆、旅店、家里、全国各地、甚至国外等各种场合自动给予“信用”，那么信用卡持有人当然会比其他得到更为方便的服务。A)是陪衬项，明显不对;C)项解释错误;根据withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations判断D)项错。

　　7. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ______.

　　A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards

　　B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today

　　C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash

　　D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before

　　参考答案：C)。本题是语义理解题。第一段最后一句意思是“对我们大多数人来说，‘无现金的社会’不是在地平线上(即不是刚刚出现的新事物)，在这儿已经实现了”。句中many of us指我们许多美国人，it's already here中的it指cashless society，即“不用现金支付”。显然C)项是这句话的含义。最后一句话只谈到cashless society的已经存在，既推不出A)，也推不出B)。

　　8. The phrase "ring up sales" (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means ______.

　　A. make an order of goods

　　B. record sales on a cash register

　　C. call the sales manager

　　D. keep track of the goods in stock

　　参考答案：B)。本题考查考生根据上下文推测词义的能力。短语所在的句子是比较级句型，根据“比较对象一致”的原则可知，ring up sales与“电子现金出纳机”electronic cash register属于同类东西。又根据下文They can keep a wide range of records, including…，可知electronic cash register能记许多东西，提供各种销售信息，从这两方面可猜测B项是ring up sales的意思，即现金收录记录机，一种功能单一的现金出纳机。A)项解释毫无根据，C)项离得太远，D)项是electronic cash register的功能之一。故B)为最佳答案。

　　9. The second paragraph focuses upon the purpose of ______.

　　A. giving some specific examples of how businessmen rely on computers

　　B. convincing us how useful computers are to sellers

　　C. conveying computers are derived from promotion campaign

　　D. supporting the idea that we rely on computers completely

　　参考答案：B)。题干问“第二段的主要用途是什么”?A)项为了提供一些商人怎样依赖于电脑的确切例子;B)项为了使我们相信计算机对商人有多么重要;C)项表明计算机起源于推销运动;D)项为了证明我们完全依赖于电脑。纵观全文可知，通篇第二段在讲计算机对商人的种种用途，因此，答案为B)。

　　10. What is this passage mainly about?

　　A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers.

　　B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business.

　　C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.

　　D. Advantages of credit cards in business.

　　参考答案：B)。本题为中心思想测试题。第一段介绍了计算机使credit card持有人存款、存、支付等极其方便;第二段讲计算机给销售商带来许多便利，第三段讲了计算机运用的广泛性，而且都是商业方面的运用，由此可知，本文主题思想应为B)(计算机在商业中所带来的好处)。A)项计算机的商用方法;C)项商业自动化的重要性;D)项商业中信用卡的优点。A)、C)、D)均不是本短文的主题思想。