大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义52

　　45)美国有可能消灭恐怖主义吗? Is it possible for the United States to wipe out terrorism?
　　46)你把你的计划向他解释一下，方便吗? Is it convenient for you to explain your plan to him?
　　47)如果你有机会去西山的话，我愿意和你一起去。If you have a chance to go to the Western Hills, I’d like to go with you.
　　48)等你想好了，请把你的决定告诉我。After you think it over, please let me know what you have decided to do.
　　49)探身窗外是危险的。 It is dangerous to lean out of the window.
　　50)遵守法律是每个人的义务。 It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.
　　51)约翰感到心跳得很快。 John felt his heart beat fast.
　　52)汤姆到浴室去洗手。 Tom went to the bathroom to wash his hands.
　　53)小王站在椅子上，这样看节目就看得更清楚些。 Xiao Wang stood up on a chair so as to see the performance better.
　　54)他走出房间以便听不到闹声。 He went out of the room so as not to hear the noise any more.
　　55)孩子们急于要动身。 The children were anxious to start.
　　56)别惹我们笑了。  Don’t make us laugh.
　　57)应该把这件事告诉老师。 The teacher ought to be told about it.
　　58)这所房子只出租，不出售。 The house is to let, not to be sold.
　　59)他们是来看的，不是来给人看的。 They came to see, not to be seen.
　　60)这个成语难于解释，但不难(be no trouble)用。 This idiom is hard to explain, but it is no trouble to use.
　　二、动名词
　　动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。动名词仍保留动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。 动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。
　　(一)做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：
　　Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。
　　Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。
　　It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。
　　My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps .  我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。
　　在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。例如：
　　It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。
　　Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents?    为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗?
　　It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。
　　It is of great importance fighting against pollution.  制止污染有重要意义。
　　It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。
　　It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up. 吸烟没好处，你最好戒掉。
　　(二)动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，advise 建议，can’t help 不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成， contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay 延期，deny 否认，detest 痛恨，discontinue 停止， dislike不喜欢，dispute不同意，endure 忍耐，enjoy 喜欢， escape逃脱，excuse 原谅， fancy想象，feel like 想要， finish结束， 严禁，forgive 原谅，hinder 阻碍，imagine想象，keep 保持，mention 提到，mind 在意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit允许，postpone 推迟，practise 实践、练习，prevent 阻止， recall 回忆， report报告，resent 怨恨， resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。