2019年英语四级翻译习题库：中国铁路

　　中国的铁路建设始于清朝(the Qing Dynasty)末年。自新中国成立后，中国的铁路得到了飞速发展。目前中国拥有仅次于美国和俄罗斯的全球第三大铁路网。在中国，铁路是国家重要的基翅设施(infrastructure)、大众化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、节假日，总会出现“一票难求”的现象。据报道，中国将优先发展西部地区，特别是贫困地区的铁路，引导当地人民走向致富之路。

　　第2句“中国的铁路得到了飞速发展”如果直译为 Chinese railway has developed rapidly则显平淡，此处可用see表示“(时代等)以…为特点，历经……”的意义，将其译为Chinese railway seen rapiddevelopment，这样译文更生动地道。

　　2.第3句中的定语“仅次于美国和俄罗斯的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，表达为only second to the UnitedStates and Russia.

　　3.第5句“总会出现‘一票难求’的现象”是汉语中的无主语句，其常见的处理方式有：增添主语;译为被动语态;译成there be结抅;使用形式主语it。结合该句，可使用形式主语it，译成it is difficult to get a trainticket;或并充出主语译为Chinese travelers find it difficult to...,“一票难求”可用 find it difficult to dosth.句型来表达。

　　4.最后一句中的“优先发展……”和“引导当地人民走向致富之路”在原文中是并列结构，但实际上后者表目的，故将其译作目的状语to lead to wealth for local people,“引导走向致富之路”用短语lead to wealth 比直译为lead people to the path of wealth 更简洁地道。

　　参考译文

　　Railway construction in China began in the late Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has seen rapid development since the founding of New China. Currently, China has the world's third largest railway network only second to the United State and Russia. Railway is an important infrastructure of the country and a popular traffic tool. During the summer and winter vacations, and national holidays, Chinese travelers always find it difficult to get a train ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize /give priority to railway development in western regions, particular the poor areas, to lead to wealth for

　　local people.