2017年12月英语四级阅读理考前预测试题（6）

　　A. assumed B. aspect C. violate D. demands E. equally

　　F. honor G. measured H. however I. implies J. justifies

　　K. morality L. therefore M. further N. diversity O. respect

　　At its deepest level, human ethics is based on the independent value of the individual: The moral worth of any one human being is not to be 1__G__ by how useful that person is in advancing the interest of other human beings. To treat human beings in ways that do not 2__F__ their independent value is to 3__C__ the most basic of human rights: the right of each person to be treated with respect.

　　The philosophy of animal rights 4__D__ only that logic be respected. For any argument that plausibly explains the independent value of human beings 5__I_ that other animals have this same value, and have it 6__E__. And any argument that plausibly explains the right of humans to be treated with 7_O_, also implies that these other animals have this same right, and have it equally, too.

　　It is true, 8__L__, that women do not exist to serve men, blacks to serve whites, the poor to serve the rich, or the weak to serve the strong. The philosophy of animal rights not only accepts these truths, it insists upon and 9__J__ them.

　　But this philosophy goes 10__M__. By insisting upon and justifying the independent value and rights of other animals, it gives scientifically informed and morally impartial reasons for denying that these animals exist to serve us.

　　1. A single coin will increase in value as a collector’s item once it is taken out of circulation.

　　2. However, the larger the number of a certain species and the more maltreatment it receives, the less intrinsic value the animal deserves, so it seems.

　　3. This also seems to apply to animals: an animal is given extra intrinsic value once it threatens to become extinct.

　　4. The intrinsic value of animals implies that they have their own value, apart from their financial, instrumental and practical value, attributed by humans.

　　5. The total of all 450 million factory animals in the Netherlands seem to have less intrinsic value than the panda in China.

　　6. The purpose of animal protection law is to improve conditions to ensure that the animal is protected from human actions that threaten its well-being.

　　7. The question is whether man is able or willing to keep those issues separated.

　　8. There are many reasons for protecting endangered species, including our own survival.

　　1.保护也适用于文化遗产，因此也包括有历史意义的事物，比如古建筑、古战场、历史传说等。(apply to, cultural heritage)

　　Conservation is also applied to cultural heritage, thus including things of historical importance, such as old buildings, battlefields and oral traditions.

　　2. 任何人无权侵犯“他人”权利以获取自身利益，不管这个“他人”是人，还是动物。(violate one’s right, as a result of)

　　No one has a right to benefit as a result of violating another's rights, whether that "other" is a human being or some other animal.

　　3. 1998年12月11--13日，在云南昆明召开了第三届全国生物多样性保护及可持续利用研讨会。(biodiversity conservation, sustainable)

　　The Third National Seminar on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Using was held in Kunming,Yunnan on December 11-13, 1998.

　　4. 很多电影明星对于自己的私生活受到公众监视非常反感。(resent doing sth., under scrutiny)

　　Many film stars resent their private life being under public scrutiny.

　　5. 我们每天的事情很多，只有把最重要的优先安排才能保证有时间完成。(give priority to, ensure)

　　We have many things to do each day and we must give priority to those most important to ensure we have time for them.