文化，艺术，娱乐
Section I 英译中
音乐
aria n.独唱曲， 咏叹调
background music n.背景音乐
band n. 乐队
baritone n.男中音
bass n.低音部， 男低音， 低音乐器
beat n.节奏， 鼓点
brass n.铜管乐器， 或铜管乐队
Broadway musicals n. 百老汇音乐剧
canon n. 卡农，一种乐曲形式，其中同样的旋律被一个或多个声部重复，同一调或相关调彼此在时间上重合
chord n. 和弦， 和音
composer n.作家， 作曲家
concerto n.协奏曲
conductor n. 管弦乐队、合唱队指挥
contemporary music n. 当代音乐
crescendo n. 声音渐增，渐强
decrescendo n. 渐弱
dissonanc n. 不谐和音， 不一致
duet n.二重奏
finale n.(戏剧的)最后一场， 结局， 终曲， (电视剧) 最后一集
flat n. [音]降半音
fox trot n.狐步舞，狐步舞曲
fugue n.[音]赋格曲
genre n.类型， 流派
acid jazz 酸性爵士
alternative 另类(非主流)音乐， 如gay music (同性恋音乐)
bluegrass 蓝草音乐--起源于美国南方的民间音乐，特色为音乐轻快和象爵士乐那样即兴演奏
blues 布鲁斯歌曲(蓝调音乐)
Celtic 凯尔特音乐 (尤指爱尔兰风格)
classical 古典乐
country 乡村音乐
dance 劲爆蹦迪音乐
easy listening轻音乐
electronica 电子音乐
environmental music 环境音乐
experimental 实验音乐
folk 民族音乐
fusion 融合音乐
heavy metal / hard rock 重金属摇滚
hip-hop / urban 嘻蹦乐， 又译嘻哈
house 电子乐的一种 (注：Hip Hop或Rap源于纽约黑人区， House Music源于芝加哥，但多为白人所作，同时House Music主要为强调Bass Line及Drums的音乐花招，并不涉及文化觉醒或社会运动等主题。)
Indie-Rock独立音乐 (属于另类音乐)
jazz 爵士乐
Jazz Blues 爵士布鲁斯
Latin 拉丁乐
musicals 音乐剧
New Age 新时代乐风--以在某些乐器上宁静的即兴创作为特征的现代音乐，例如风琴、吉它或合成器。以梦幻般的悦耳音乐和民族器乐的乐风而闻名
Punk /New wave 朋克 / 新浪潮
R & B 节奏布鲁斯
Rap 说唱
Reggae 雷鬼乐，一种风格独特的牙买加音乐
Retro 怀旧音乐
Soft rock 慢摇滚
soul music (美国黑人) 爵士灵歌， 结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点
soundtrack 电影配乐
swing 摇摆乐， 形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐，以爵士乐为基础，但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队
Techno 强烈动感的电子音乐
Trance 非常Hi的电子舞曲， 迷幻电子乐
gospel n. 福音音乐
harmony n. [音]和弦，和声， 悦耳的声音组合
hymn n.赞美诗， 圣歌v.唱赞美歌
improvisation n.即席创作
lip synching v./n. 对口型，假唱
lyrics n.抒情诗， 歌词
march n. [音] 进行曲
melody n. 旋律
opera n.歌剧
opus n.作品
orchestra n.管弦乐队
a large musical ensemble consisting of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments
percussion n. 打击乐器， 鼓点
polka n.波尔卡舞曲
pop music n. 流行音乐，通俗音乐
quartet n.四重奏， 四重唱
Renaissance n.文艺复兴， 有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐
the period in Western Europe from 1400-1600; the style of music from this period
repertoire n.(准备好演出的)节目， 保留剧目
an inventory of compositions mastered and performed by a musician or ensemble
Requiem Mass n. 安魂曲
a Mass for the dead
rhumba n.(=rumba)伦巴舞蹈， 伦巴乐曲
a ballroom dance based on the Afro Cuban rumba
rhythm n.节奏， 韵律
rock n. 摇滚乐
salsa n. 萨尔萨舞曲， 拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲
samba n.桑巴舞(一种源自非洲的巴西舞)
score n. 乐谱
solo n.独奏曲， 独唱
sonata n.[音]奏鸣曲
a multimovement composition for solo instrument, or instruments and keyboard accompaniment
soprano n.女高音
symphony n.交响乐， 交响曲
tango n.探戈
an Argentinean dance in duple meter with long, gliding steps
tempo n.(音乐)速度、拍子， 发展速度
the speed of the music, based on the beat
tenor n. [音] 男高音
a high pitched male voice
theme n. [音] 主题， 主题曲， 主旋律
theme and variations n. [音]主题与变奏
trio n.三重唱
vocal range n. 音域
waltz n.华尔兹舞， 华尔兹舞曲
SECTION II: 中译英
2.1 中国文化
四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China
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火药gunpowder
印刷术 printing
造纸术paper-making
指南针the compass
中国古代哲学家 Ancient Chinese Philosophers
孔子 Confucius
孟子Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
庄子Chuang Tzu
墨子Mo Tzu
孙子Sun Tzu
(注：see attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chinese Philosophers 引言见附录)
道Tao , “the way”， the principle of the workings of the universe
仁 humaneness (also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue)
四书The Four Books
《大学 》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
书法五大书体five major styles of calligraphy
篆书 seal script / seal character
隶书 official script / clerical script
行书 running script / semi-cursive script
草书 cursive script
楷书 regular script / standard script
中国画 traditional Chinese painting
水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting
工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting
六艺： six classical arts
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礼rites
乐music
射archery
御riding
书writing
数arithmetic
孙子兵法The Art of War
汉字 Chinese character
(汉字)笔画 stroke
偏旁部首 radical
书写体系 writing system
汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan
汉学家Sinologist / Sinologue
中国热 Sinomania
同宗同源 of the same origin
华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors
单音节 single syllable
汉语有 “合理的逻辑性” Chinese language is “soberly logical” (Edward Sapir, American linguist)
汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters
level tone阳平
rising tone阴平
falling-rising tone上声
falling tone去声
武术 martial art
中国武术 Kung fu
武术门派 styles or schools of martial art
习武健身practice martial art for fitness
古代格斗术ancient form of combat
中国武术协会 Chinese Martial Art Association
武林高手top martial artist
气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises
柔道 judo
空手道Karate
跆拳道tae kwon do
拳击boxing
摔跤wrestling
击剑fencing
仗剑走天涯walk the earth (with a sword)
武侠小说 tales of roving knights; kung fu novels
中国文学Chinese literature
《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
《山海经》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers
《西厢记》 the Romance of West Chamber
《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin
《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio
《围城》Fortress Besieged
《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q
春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals
史记 Historical Records
诗经 The Books of Songs;the Book of Odes
书经 The Books of History
易经 I Ching; the Book of Changes
礼记 the Book of Rites
孝经Book of Filial Piety
三字经 three-character scripture; three-word chant
八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing
五言绝句 five-character quatrain
七言律诗 seven-character octave
中国建筑 Chinese architecture
四合院 quadrangle, the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard
蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt
碑刻， 碑文， 碑铭inscriptions on a tablet
碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest
道观Taoist temple
殿hall
烽火台 beacon tower
鼓楼 drum tower
华表 ornamental column
回廊corridor
祭坛 altar
假山rockeries
角楼watchtower
廊 corridor
牌楼 pailou, decorated archway
桥bridges
石舫 stone boat
石窟 grotto
水榭 pavilion on the water
塔 pagoda; tower
台 terrace
坛altar
亭阁 pavilion
钟楼 bell tower
柱pillar, column, post
陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum/tomb
重要文化遗产major cultural heritage
优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts
文物cultural relics
中国结 Chinese knot
旗袍Cheongsam
中山装Chinese tunic suit
唐装traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit
景泰蓝cloisonné
朝廷使者 royal court envoy
文人 men of letters
雅士 refined scholars
文化产业culture industry
文化底蕴cultural deposits
文化事业cultural undertaking
文化交流cross-cultural communication
文化冲突culture shock
民族文化national culture
民间文化folk culture
城镇文化urban culture
乡村文化rural culture
当地文化native culture
表演艺术performing art
现代流行艺术popular art, pop art
纯艺术high art
高雅艺术refined art
电影艺术cinematographic art
戏剧艺术theatrical art
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生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)
旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)
净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character
丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role
花脸painted role
独角戏 monodrama;one-man show
歌舞喜剧musical
滑稽场面， 搞笑小噱头shtick
滑稽短剧skit
京剧票友 amateur performer of Beijing Opera / Peking Opera fan
京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask
口技 ventriloquism
木偶戏 puppet show
旁白voice over
皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show
说书 story-telling
叠罗汉 make a human pyramid
折子戏 opera highlights
踩高跷stilt walk
哑剧 pantomime; mime
哑剧演员 pantomimist
戏剧小品 skit
马戏circus show
单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy
特技表演stunt
相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk
杂技 acrobatics
京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment
秦腔shaanxi opera
篆刻sealcutting
阴文characters cut in intaglio
阳文characters cut in relief
图章 seal
刻刀graver
拓碑 making rubbings from stone inscriptions
拓片 rubbing
工艺， 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship
手工艺品 handicraft
木雕wood carving
黄杨木雕boxwood craft
雕漆carved lacquerware
石雕stone carving
微雕 miniature engraving
象牙雕ivory carving
竹雕bamboo engraving
贝雕shell carving
冰雕 ice sculpture
彩塑painted sculpture
瓷釉enamel
刺绣embroidery
卷轴scroll
蜡染batik
泥人 clay figure
漆画lacquer painting
漆器Lacquer ware
青瓷色Celadon
双面绣two-sided embroidery
水墨画Landscape/ ink painting
苏绣Suzhou embroidery
檀香扇sandalwood fan
唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
陶器 pottery
制陶业Ceramics
文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper
砚刻inkslab engraving
宜兴陶Yixing pottery
折扇Folding fan
枝编工艺Wickerwork
织锦， 挂毯Tapestry
纸工艺品papier mache
中国画Chinese painting
民间传说 folklores
寓言fable
传说 legend
神话mythology
玉皇大帝God of Heaven
八仙 the Eight Immortals
嫦娥 Chang’e, the Chinese moon goddess
伏羲 Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry
福禄寿三星god of fortune, god of prosperity, god and longevity
财神 god of fortune
灶神 god of the kitchen
共工 Gonggong, God of Water
后羿 Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)
黄帝 Yellow Emperor
夸父 Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)
女娲 Nuwa : a goddess who patches up the sky
盘古 Pan Gu , creator of the universe
神农 Patron of Agriculture
禹 Yu , the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty
祝融 Zhurong, God of Fire
古为今用，洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe a poem
对对联matching an antithetical couplet
阳历Solar calendar
公历Gregorian calendar
阴历Lunar calendar
天干heavenly stem
地支earthly branch
闰年leap year
二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms
十二生肖zodiac
Rat 鼠
Ox 牛
Tiger 虎
Hare 兔
Dragon 龙
Snake 蛇
Horse 马
Sheep 羊
Monkey 猴
Rooster 鸡
Dog 狗
Pig猪
猴年 year of monkey
本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches
传统节日traditional holidays
春节 Spring Festival
拜年pay a New Year visit
爆竹， 鞭炮firecracker
除夕 Eve of Chinese New Year
春联 Spring couplets
辞旧迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new
饺子 Jiaozi, boiled dumpling
锅贴 pot sticker
庙会 temple fair
鸣钟辞旧岁ring out the old year
年画 (traditional) New Year pictures
年夜饭 the Eve Feast; family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve
年终大扫除 year-end household cleaning
守岁 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve
团圆饭 family reunion dinner
压岁钱 New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift
舞龙dragon dance
元宵节 Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)
元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings
花灯festival lantern
灯谜lantern riddle
狮子舞 lion dance
踩高跷stilt walking
清明节 Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)
扫墓sweep tomb sites of loved ones
祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors
踏青go for an outing in spring
端午节 Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)
赛龙舟dragon boat race
粽子 zongzi (pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)
Departed soul 亡灵
忠臣loyal minister
诗人屈原Quyuan the poet
中秋节 Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)
月饼 mooncake
赏月 appreciate the glorious full moon
团圆 reunion
桂花 sweet osmanthus
重阳节 Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day
赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum
登高 climb mountain
中药TCM traditional Chinese medicine (详见HEALTH一章)
秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin
皇太后 Empress Dowager
汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)
成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin
才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
文明摇篮 cradle of civilization
夏朝 Xia Dynasty
明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties
文明 Chinese civilization
文明摇篮 cradle of civilization
地名：特别注意四川和陕拼法
四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan
陕西 Shaanxi
古文明研究中心 Research Center for Ancient Civilizations
中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars
考古学家 archaeologists
人类学家 anthropologist
历史学家 historian
地理学家geographer
江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River
水乡景色 riverside scenery
2.2 体育， 娱乐
2008夏季奥运会 2008 summer Olympics
主办2008年奥运会 host the 2008 Olympic Games
奥运会火炬 Olympic torch
奥运村 Olympic village
奥运选手 Olympian
奥运会核心精神 the core spirit of the Olympic games
更快、更高、更强 Citius, Altius, Fortius
东道国 host country
主办城市 host city
冬奥会 Olympic Winter Games
国际奥委会 IOC (International Olympic Committee)
会歌 anthem
会徽 emblem
申办 bid
申办成功 win the bidding
板球 criket
公开赛 open / open tournament
锦标赛 championships
国家体育总局 State Physical Culture Administration
健美运动 bodybuilding
教练 coach / trainer
举重 weight lifting
马术 equitation
球类运动 ball games
赛马 horse race
射击 shooting
射箭 archery
室内运动 indoor sports
室外运动 outdoor sports
体育道德、 运动家精神 sportsmanship
田径 track and field
跳高 high jump
跳远 long jump
马拉松 marathon
职业选手 professional athlete
自行车赛 cycling
跨栏 hurdle race
体操 gymnastics
接力赛 relay race
冰球 hockey
娱乐 recreation / entertainment
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《伯尔尼公约》(有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约)Berne Convention
比基尼 bikini
茶道 sado
敞蓬车 convertible
宠物医院 pet clinic
传媒 media
吹风会 briefing
大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener
大众传媒 mass media (of communications)
发烧友 zealot; enthusiastic fan
狗仔队 paparazzo (singular)， paparazzi(plural)
广告妙语 punch line
吉尼斯世界记录 Guinness Book of Records
家庭影院 home theater
票房 box office
泼水节 Water-Sprinkling Festival
群众精神文化生活people's cultural life
人体彩绘 body painting
迪斯尼乐园 Disneyland
米老鼠 Mickey mouse
唐老鸭 Donald Duck
特技演员stunt man
替身演员 stand-in; double
选美 beauty contest, beauty pageant
综艺节目 variety show
2.3 饮食文化
各大菜系 major styles of cooking / cuisine
粽子Zongzi: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves (eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival)
月饼moon cake
蜜饯candied preserved fruit / sweetened preserved plums
豆沙sweet bean paste
蛋黄egg yolk
咸蛋黄 marinated egg yolk
海鲜seafood
扇贝scallop
大葱scallion
葱green onion
肉馅minced meat
鱼糜minced fillet
虾糜minced shrimp
饺子Jiaozi boiled dumpling
八宝饭8-treasure rice
鲤鱼carp
青鱼black carp
草鱼grass carp
欧洲鲫鱼crucian carp
鲫鱼golden carp
鲈鱼bass
桂鱼Chinese perch
石斑鱼garoupa
三文鱼/ 大麻哈鱼salmon
金枪鱼tuna
鳕鱼cod
年糕rice cake - year cake
胡桃walnut
饭票， 餐券 meal ticket
涮羊肉thin slices of mutton for boiling in a hot pot
芝麻sesame
油条deep-fried dough sticks
酱油soy sauce
绿豆mung beans
油饼deep-fried dough cake
汤soup
菜 dish
豆浆soybean milk
盖交饭rice served with meat and veggies on top
香菜cilantro (Chinese parsley cilantro/ coriander)
粉丝glass noodles; vermicelli made from bean starch, etc.
馒头steamed buns
花卷steamed twisted rolls
包子steamed stuffed buns
肉包子steamed bun with meat filling
肉馅meat filling
豆沙包steamed bun filled with bean paste
豆沙馅bean-paste filling
春卷spring roll ( a thin sheet of dough, stuffed, rolled and fried)
包饺子making Chinese dumplings
案板kneading board
擀面杖rolling pin
馅stuffing; filling
面团儿dough
饺子皮dumpling wrappers
馄饨皮wonton wrappers
网筛wire strainer
蒸笼bamboo (food) steamer
锅贴pot sticker
烧卖shaomai (a steamed dumpling with the dough gathered at the top)
葱饼scallion pancake
推棍儿pancake spreader
甜面酱sweet sauce made of fermented flour
北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck
面条noodles
拉面hand-stretched noodles; ramen
方便面instant noodle
挂面fine dried noodles
炒面fried noodles
凉面cold noodles in sauce
馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup)
刀削面shaved noodles
米粉rice flour
面粉wheat flour
烤面包toast
果酱jam
三明治sandwich
热狗hot dog
汉堡包hamburger
糖纳滋doughnut
百吉饼、面包圈 bagel
高粱饴sorghum candy
酒心糖liqueur-filled candy
口香糖chewing gum
泡泡糖bubble gum
山楂片haw flakes
糖炒栗子chestnuts roast (in sand) with brown sugar
爆米花popcorn
松糕sponge cake
绿豆粥mung bean porridge
红豆粥red bean porridge
杏核豆腐almond bean curd
豆腐tofu (bean curd)
麻花fried dough twist
萨其马egg crisp cake
鱿鱼squid
笋bamboo shoot
笋干air-dried bamboo shoot
香菇dried mushroom
草菇straw mushroom
猴菇hedgehog mushroom
木耳wood-ear/ Jew’s ear
白木耳tremella
冬虫夏草Chinese caterpillar fungus
海带kelp
紫菜seaweed
燕窝bird’s nest
海蜇jellyfish
海参sea cucumber
鲍鱼abalone
鱼翅shark’s fin
熊掌bear’s paw
豆腐泡beancurd puff
腐乳fermented beancurd
刀工cutting technique
切丁dice
切条slice
切丝shred
剁、剁碎chop
切碎(成泥) mince
方块cube
块chunk
瓜子sunflower seeds
莲藕lotus root
莲子lotus seeds
青蒜，韭葱leek
韭菜Chinese chives / leek
平菇oyster mushroom
苦瓜bitter gourd
四季豆、菜豆string bean， snap bean，green bean
豌豆荚、雪豆荚snow pea
豆芽bean sprout
绿豆芽mung bean sprouts
黄豆芽soybean sprouts
枣子Chinese dates
山楂haw
石榴pomegranate
弥猴桃、奇异果kiwi fruit
荔枝lychee
龙眼longan
橘子tangerine
西柚、葡萄柚grapefruit
佛手瓜Buddha’s-hand; fingered citron
木瓜papaya
核桃仁walnut meat
松子，松人pine nut kernels
西瓜子melon seeds
腰果cashew nut
榛果， 榛子hazelnut
葡萄grape
核桃 walnut
谷grain; cereal
米 rice
long rice 长米，较硬，煮前先泡一个小时
Pudding rice or short rice 短米，较软
Brown rice 糙米
THAI Fragrant rice 泰国香米
Glutinous rice 糯米
强力面粉strong flour
中筋面粉，不含发酵粉的面粉plain flour
自发粉self- raising flour
小麦面粉whole meal flour
砂糖brown sugar
红糖(感冒时煮姜汤时用)dark brown sugar
糖粉icing sugar
冰糖rock sugar
醋 vinger
玉米淀粉、太白粉cornstarch
麦芽糖maltose
芝麻sesame seeds
麻油sesame oil
蚝油oyster sauce
胡椒pepper
白胡椒white pepper
黑胡椒black pepper
辣椒粉red chilli powder
芝麻酱sesame paste
味精msg (monosodium glutamate)
豆鼓black bean sauce
大红豆red kidney bean
冬菇dried black mushroom
酸菜pickled mustard-green
八角、茴香anise
荸荠、马蹄water chestnuts
虾米dried shrimps
明虾prawn
美食节 gourmet festival
中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine; Chinese culinary art
色香味形 color, aroma, taste and appearance
四大菜系：four major Chinese cusines:
山东菜 Shangdong cuisine
川菜 Sichuan cuisine
粤菜 Canton cuisine
扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine
南淡北咸 the light southern cuisine and the salty northern cusine
东甜西辣 the sweet eastern cuisine and the spicy western cuisine
八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding
风味小吃 local delicacy
切片 slice
切丝 shred
切丁 dice
切碎 mince
绞碎 grind
大、旺、武火 high heat
中火 medium heat
小、微、文火 low heat
煎pan-fry
炒stir-fry; sauté
爆 quick-fry
炸 deep-fry
烩 stew
熏smoke
煨， 炖simmer, stew
煮 boil
烘 bake
烤 bake; roast, grill
架烤 grill; BBQ
蒸 steam
红烧 braise (with soy sauce)
涮 (羊肉) dip-boil (mutton slices)
2.4哲学与宗教
无神论atheism
[详析]- the doctrine or belief that there is no God or gods.
创世论creationism
[详析]the belief that God created the universe, including all life, in its present form precisely as stated in the Bible in the book of Genesis.
进化论Darwinism
[详析]the theory that the origin of the species is derived by descent, with variation, from parent forms, through the natural selection of those best adapted to survive in the struggle for existence.
宿命论determinism
[详析] a philosophical concept which postulates that all events, including human actions, are predetermined.
辩证的dialectic
[详析] the art or practice of a logical discussion as of the truth of a theory or opinion.
启蒙运动enlightenment
[详析] a trend during the 18th century that favored the power of human reason. It was believed that knowledge could only come from observation guided by reason and that through reason, continuing progress in knowledge, achievement, and morality could be sustained. Further, that through education, human nature could be changed for the better.
耶和华Jehovah
[详析] 基督教《圣经·旧约》中的上帝， 也是耶和华见证派信奉的上帝
女神 goddess
先知 illuminati
[详析] persons possessing or claiming to possess superior understanding and knowledge
实证主义 positivism
[详析]that which has to be accepted as we find it and is not given to further explanation.
苏格拉底问答法Socratic method
[详析]a teacher, by questioning his student, brings the student to recognize some conclusion without telling the student that the conclusion is true.
佛教Buddhism
[扩展]
藏经楼 depositary of Buddhist sutra
藏经洞 a cave fro preserving Buddhist sutra
禅 Dhyana / Zen
禅宗 Zen
禅宗大师 Zen master
大藏经 Tripitaka
大乘佛教Great Vehicle (from north)
小乘佛教 Lesser Vehicle (from south)
大雄宝殿 the Great Buddha’s Hall
大昭寺 Jokhang Temple
地藏god of earth
佛龛 shrine
佛寺Buddhist temple
佛像 statue of Buddha
舍利子 Buddha's relics
身外之物 worldly possessions
十八罗汉The Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha
罗汉堂Arhat Hall
释迦牟尼Sakyamuni
四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians; Four Devarajas
涅盘 ( 佛 ) nirvana
因果报应 Karma
儒教Confucianism
孔子 Confucius
孔庙 Temple of Confucius
道教Taoism
[例句]：Around 3000 Before Current Era in ancient China there were great warring states. Two Chinese philosophers, Lao Tzu and Confucius, took different approaches to the problem. Both Taoism and Confucianism have become religions to some people, while others hold them to be wise philosophies.
道观Taoist temple
藏学Tibetology
喇嘛 Lama
喇嘛教Lamaism
喇嘛庙 Lamasery
转世 reincarnation
转世灵童 reincarnated soul boy
异教徒 infidel
宗教矛盾 religious contradictions
宗教仪式 (religious) ritual
邪教cult
邪教组织evil cult gangs
形而上学 metaphysics
圣君 sage-king
基督教 Christian
基督教新教 Protestant
基督科学会Scientology
天主教 Catholic
耶和华见证会 Jehovah’s Witness
耶稣基督 Jesus Christ
洗礼 baptism
摩门教 Mormon (the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)
伊斯兰教 Islam
强硬派伊斯兰教徒 hard -line Islamist
古兰经 the Koran
清真寺 Mosque
素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant
斋月 (伊斯兰教 ) Ramadan/ month of fast
教堂church
寺庙temple
大教堂cathedral
小礼拜堂chapel
修道院abbey
尼姑庵nunnery
