You've temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to tryto find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone- it's always in your hand, yourpocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment's notice. Whennew models come out, you feel bad about saying goodbye to your electronic pal. Andwhen your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is runninglow as well. New research shows that there's a psychological reason for suchextreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory perspective, forsome of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to inchildhood.
Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with the major figuresresponsible for our well-being, namely parents or other caregivers, are at the root ofour connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly;attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example,serve as what the attachment theorist D W. Winnicott calls "transitional objects." Theteddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. When children can't be with their
parents, they can still be with their teddy bear. These stuffed animals also serve as atransition between dependence and independence when young children begin todevelop a separate sense of self. We extend our dependence on caregivers to theseanimals, and use them to help us move to greater autonomy and an independentsense of self.
A cell phone has the potential to be a "compensatory attachment" object. Althoughphones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence thatsupports the idea that "healthy, well functioning adults also report significantemotional attachment to special objects”.
Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cellphone subscriptions exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amountof mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 33 hours per day; young adults (ages 18to 24) report 5.2 hours on an average day. People also like to be near their phones: A2013 survey reports that 79 percent of users keep their phones with them for all buttwo of their waking hours. Nearly as many people report being distressed whenthey're separated from their phone.
【参考译文】你有过这种经历吗?手机- -时放错了地方,忘了在哪,急急忙忙返回寻找;手机从不离身，总是握在手里,揣在兜里或者放在包里,时刻准备回复消息，查找内容。一 整天过去了, -旦发现手机没电,简直觉得自己也要没电了。最新研究揭示了极端“手机依赖症”背后的心理动因:根据依恋理论,手机简直成了我们大多数人小时候恋恋不舍的泰迪熊。
依恋理论认为,儿童自幼是否在父母的呵护下健康成长,这种相处体验构成了其日后与其他成年人建立亲密关系的基础。更为重要的是,幼年的依恋心理,还可能转移到物体上去,泰迪熊就是一个典型例子。泰迪熊与父母的区别在于,它会一直在陪你身边。儿童把对父母的依赖心理延伸到毛绒玩具身上,由此建立起自我独立意识。
手机也可能成为这种“依恋替代品”。尽管手机经常因为致人上瘾而备受诟病,科学家还是援引了相关证据来支持这样一种观点:“身心健康的正常成年人也会对特殊物品产生强烈的情感依恋”。
毫无疑问,手机在生活中无处不在:全球手机用户数量已超过全球总人口。美国人平均每天使用移动电话或智能手机的时间为3.3小时。手机的优点显而易见:可以随身携带,还能方便与自己关心的人保持联系。就算无法与朋友、恋人、家人直接通话，至少手机里的照片、短信能让你觉得他们近在咫尺。你也可以关注他们的社交媒体账号,不仅能实时了解其状态,还能回顾过去与之相处的难忘瞬间。所有这些,都足以让你“不那么孤单”。
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