(2) The companies don’t have any moral standpoint of its own, thereforeis devoid of any moral obligation.

　　(Normativeview)

　　(1) From the point of normative view, themotivation of companies to fulfill the responsibilities towards stakeholder isthat they have consciousness of accepting moral duty towards others.

　　(2) The companies is altruistic, and haveethical, philanthropic responsibilities in addition to economic, legalresponsibilities.