III. Summarization (20 points, 2 points for each)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which, summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.
Paragraph One
Caring for people is one area where the states of Eastern Europe are far in advance of other parts of the world. Most medical and social services are provided free, and in some countries workers do not even have to make contributions to the health and insurance funds, since these contributions are made by the employer.
36.In Eastern Europe, people can usually enjoy very good medical and social s_____________ .
Paragraph Two
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
37. Possible p___________ of automobiles.
Paragraph Three
In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. These are called smart buildings.
38. Different ways to i__________ quake-resistance of a building.
Paragraph Four
Common interests appear to be a significant factor in selecting friends. Very close and trusted friends share faith in each other. They feel secure that they will not be ridiculed, and their faith will be respected. Betraying a trust is a very quick and painful way to terminate a friendship.
39. Common faith helps k_________ friendship.
Paragraph Five
There are a large number of dieting programs to be found online, each promising you significant weight loss. Experts warn people against going for any and every diet program. If your diet is too strict you might harm your health. Your motive should be to lose weight in a healthy way.
40. Strict dieting is an u__________ way of losing weight.
Paragraph Six
Love and knowledge led me upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Children in famine, helpless old people and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to destroy the evil, but I can’ t and I too suffer.
41. S___________ is one of the essential qualities of the speaker.
Paragraph Seven
It is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not react in the same way. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection.
42. There is some r_____________ between age and children’ s characteristic reaction to divorce.
Paragraph Eight
Knowing our genetic makeup can help us gauge whether or not we may be stricken by a particular illness, such as cancer. Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a child’ s genetic disorders will be. In addition to predicting genetic predispositions toward diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases.
43. Great progress in g___________ engineering.
Paragraph Nine
The US Federal Reserve raised American interest rates last night for a thirteenth time in a row and signaled that, while it remains set to push them still higher, its 18-month campaign of increases will start to wind down next year.
44. This year’ s repeatedly rising interest rates will probably f____________ next year.
