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托福写作模拟试题:英国小麦种植历史

中华考试网   2017-09-29   【

托福写作模拟试题:英国小麦种植历史

  新托福综合写作题目回顾

  阅读主要观点提取:

  总论点:在英国一个地区的土壤层中发现了小麦的痕迹。保存这些小麦的土壤是8000年前的,所以可以推测出这些土壤中的小麦也可能是8000年前的。但是,英国是从6000年前才开始种植小麦的。科学家试图用三种方法解释为什么最新发现的小麦比英国最初开始种植小麦的时间早了2000年。

  解释一:该土壤中的小麦并不是8000年前的。土壤是一层一层形成的,早期的土壤会被后面的土壤覆盖。小麦有可能被海水冲刷到下层的土壤中。所以,英国8000年前的土壤中发现的小麦,可能比8000年前晚一些才有的。

  解释二:与欧洲做交易得来的小麦。这些小麦可能是源于8000年前,但是并不是生长在英国。有可能是英国人乘船与欧洲大陆的人进行交易,购买了欧洲的小麦。

  解释三:是英国本土种植的小麦。有可能英国种植小麦的历史更早些。英国8000年前的居民大部分是依靠狩猎和采集果实为生的人,其中一部分可能是农民。他们可能在英国广泛种植小麦之前,就可以开始种植小麦了。

  听力主要观点提取:

  总论点:阅读中的每个解释都有问题。

  驳论一:上层土壤中的植物被冲刷到下层土壤中,只有当土壤层十分松散才可以可能。但是英国最近刚被挖掘的那处土壤十分紧实(dense),上层土壤中的小麦不能被海水冲到下层土壤。并且,科研人员发现该地区土壤的上层土壤中有很多种类植物,并没有流入它下层的土壤中。

  驳论二:8000年前,只有欧洲南部有农业种植。如果英国人想要到达欧洲南部,首先要抵达欧洲北部,然后再到欧洲南部。当时的航行条件是很差的,所以英国人不太可能长途跋涉到欧洲南部交易小麦。

  驳论三:种植小麦会经历一个周期,这期间小麦会释放花粉,并在该区域传播。然而,科研人员在该区域并没有发现小麦的花粉。

  新托福综合写作范文:英国小麦种植历史

  The speaker proposes that the three theories mentioned in the reading to explain the presence of wheat 2,000 years earlier than expected are all problematic.

  First, the professor states that the theory of a dating mistake is unconvincing. If the plants in the upper layers of soil want to move to the lower layers, the layers of soil must be loosely packed. However, the site’s soil layers are very dense, leaving no space for wheat to move downward to the older layers. So it is not possible the newer and older soil layers mix together.

  Second, the writer makes the point that the wheat was traded from Europe by the British hunter-gatherers. The professor refutes the idea by saying that it was very unlikely that the Britain would traveled far into Europe to trade for domesticated wheat. Farming was practiced in the southern part of Europe, far away from Britain. To arrival terminal, the British had to travel by boat to arrive in the northern Europe and then they had to traveled far to southern Europe. Accounting for the difficulty in traveling at that time, it is not likely that the British would travel so far to trade for wheat.

  Finally, the professor presents that it is also unlikely that the early farmers grew wheat at the site. The reason is that farming wheat would go through a lifecycle including a reproductive pace. So growing wheat would release pollen spreading around the site. But the scientists did not find any pollen of domesticated plants at the site.

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