托福写作模拟试题：棕榈树扩大种植

托福写作模拟试题：棕榈树扩大种植

　　阅读主要观点提取：

　　总论点：棕榈油(palm oil)可以应用到很多领域，近些年得到广泛关注。专家认为要进一步扩大棕榈树的生长。

　　分论点一：种植棕榈树可以保护森林。因为棕榈树的产油量高于其它农作物，所以需要的土地相对较少，可以避免过度砍伐森林。

　　分论点二：将棕榈油用作生物柴油(biodiesel)可以减少碳排放。碳排放降低了，对缓解全球气候变化有积极的影响。

　　分论点三：生产棕榈油可以缓解贫困。大部分棕榈树都是由低收入的农民种植的。并且，棕榈树相比于其他农作物利润更高，所以可以提高这部分农民的生活水平。

　　听力主要观点提取：

　　总论点：种植棕榈树有消极的影响不应该扩大规模。

　　分论点一：种植棕榈树会进一步加剧森林的砍伐。因为，棕榈油可以用在很多方面，如食品和化妆品(cosmetics)。因此，全球对棕榈油的需求在不断提升。这会促使农民砍伐更多森林来种植棕榈树。一个国家，每分钟就有7000平方米的森林被砍伐来生长棕榈树。

　　分论点二：燃烧棕榈油制成的生物柴油会增加碳排放。汽车使用生物柴油会产生较少的碳排放。但是，生产棕榈树的过程却会产生更多碳排放。因为，农民需要先将土地上的植被烧掉来种植棕榈树，在烧的过程中，会燃烧一种泥煤(peat)。泥煤中含有大量的碳，所以会产生更多的碳排放。

　　分论点三：从长期来看，农民的收入不会提高。一开始，是农民生产棕榈树。到后来，大规模的公司会开始种植棕榈树并控制利润。

　　托福综合写作新题满分范文：

　　The reading argues that palm oil production has positive effects and is supposed to be expanded. On the contrary, the listening believes that there are serious negative effects and the expansion of palm oil production is not a good idea.

　　First, the passage states that palm tree farming helps preserve forests. However, the lecture denies the idea by saying that the increasing demand for palm trees because of its widely use in food and cosmetics products forces farmers to clear more forests to grow more palm trees. It results in increasing deforestation around the world.

　　In addition, the professor says that though it is true that using biodiesel made from palm oil can produce fewer emissions. Growing palm trees, however, generates a lot more carbon emissions, which contradicts the idea proposed in the reading. In order to gain the land for palm tree farming, farmers clear the land by burning plants including peat which stores huge amounts of carbon. This burning process will send out large quantities of carbon emissions.

　　Finally, the reading holds that producing palm oil helps poor small-scale farmers. The professor points out that they will not control the farms too long. In the long run, the large-scale companies will obtain lands and thus control most profits. Consequently, small-scale farmers will not get much return. (218words)