2014年4月19日托福考试考前冲刺_第2页

　　When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth in 1864, there were

　　many conflicting theories about the nature of the Earth's interior. Some geologists

　　thought that it contained a highly compressed ball of incandescent gas, while others

　　Line suspected that it consisted of separate shells, each made of a different material. Today,

　　well over a century later, there is still little direct evidence of what lies beneath our

　　feet. Most of our knowledge of the Earth's interior comes not from mines or boreholes,

　　but from the study of seismic waves-powerful pulses of energy released by

　　earthquakes.

　　The way that seismic waves travel shows that the Earth's interior is far from　uniform. The continents and the seabed are formed by the crust-a thin sphere of　　relatively light, solid rock. Beneath the crust lies the mantle, a very different layer that　extends approximately halfway to the Earth's center. There the rock is the subject of a　battle between increasing heat and growing pressure.

   　In its high levels, the mantle is relatively cool; at greater depths, high temperatures　make the rock behave more like a liquid than a solid. Deeper still, the pressure is even　more intense, preventing the rock from melting in spite of a higher temperature.　Beyond a depth of around 2,900 kilometers, a great change takes place and the　mantle gives way to the core. Some seismic waves cannot pass through the core and　others are bent by it. From this and other evidence, geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron, mixed　with smaller amounts of other elements such as nickel.

　　The conditions in the Earth's core make it a far more alien world than space. Its　solid iron heart is subjected to unimaginable pressure and has a temperature of about　9.000°F. Although scientists can speculate about its nature, neither humans nor　machines will ever be able to visit it.

　　1.The word "conflicting" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) controlling

　　(B) outdated

　　(C) opposing

　　(D) important

　　2.What is today's richest source of informa- tion about the Earth's interior for geologis- ts?

　　(A) Boreholes

　　(B) Shells

　　(C) Seismic waves

　　(D) Mines

　　3.The word "There" in line 12 refers to the

　　(A) mantle

　　(B) crust

　　(C) seabed

　　(D) Earth's center

　　4.Which of the following is a primary characteristic of the Earth's mantle?

　　(A) Light, solid rock

　　(B) Uniformity of composition

　　(C) Dramatically increasing pressure

　　(D) Compressed, incandescent gas

　　5.The phrase "gives way to" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) runs along

　　(B) rubs against

　　(C) turns into

　　(D) floats on

　　6.The word "it" in line 19 refers to

　　(A) mantle

　　(B) core

　　(C) change

　　(D) depth

　　7.Why does the author state in line 22 that the Earth's core is "more alien" than space?

　　(A) Government funds are not available to study the Earth's core.

　　(B) Scientists aren't interested in the characteristics of the Earth's core.

　　(C) It is impossible to go to the Earth's core to do research.

　　(D) The Earth's core is made of elements that are

　　8.The word "speculate" in line 24 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) report

　　(B) learn

　　(C) worry

　　(D) hypothesize