2017年托福写作热门素材运用讲解十二

　　托福写作素材模板：纽约地铁系统

　　素材段落

　　Covering a circumference of 375 kilometers, the New York City subway system is one of the world’s most utilized metro systems which offers rail service 24 hours per day, every day of the year. With an intricate network of 469 stations in operation, passengers can conveniently travel within the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens and the Bronx, at a flat rate of 2.75 dollars. Travellers can efficiently gain access to most tourist attractions scattered throughout the city, even during the peak hours, by taking the Express train. In 2014, the New York City subway system delivered over 1.75 billion riders to their destinations. The system averaged approximately 5.6 million daily riders on weekdays and a combined 5.9 million riders each weekend. Ridership continues to increase, and on September 23, 2014, more than 6.1 million people rode the subway system, establishing the highest single-day ridership since ridership was regularly monitored in 1985.

　　单词和词组

　　intricate 错综复杂的、精细的

　　=complicated, sophisticated

　　✎ Among the countless problems in our everyday lives, many are too intricate to be handled alone.

　　scatter 散布

　　=distribute, disseminate

　　句型结构

　　Covering …, the New York City subway system … 非谓语结构

　　主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系，使用“v-ing形式”

　　✎ The schedule may urge white collar workers to complete all the tasks step by step, negatively affecting their relaxing mood.

　　主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，使用“v-ed形式”

　　✎ Printed in many different languages and distributed around the world, publications that specifically cater to international readers may focus more on topics that interest people from overseas.

　　话题词汇

　　禁止 forbid/prohibit

　　实施 implement

　　可行的 feasible/practical

　　不实际的 impractical/unrealistic

　　以惊人的速度 at an alarming pace/speed

　　违反交通法规 break traffic rules

　　取得显著改善 achieve noticeable improvement

　　可持续城市发展 sustainable urban development

　　适用考题

　　✎ In twenty years, there will be fewer cars in use than there are today. (TPO 4)

　　✎ Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children. (TPO 6