托福写作常见语法错误：动词

　　托福独立写作常见语法错误：动词

　　人们常常将动词比喻为句子的“灵魂”，由此可见动词在托福写作中的重要性。本篇将从主谓一致、谓语的表现形式、谓语的语态三方面为大家梳理在托福写作中常见的与谓语动词相关的语法错误。

　　1.主谓一致

　　我们来看以下句子：

　　Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities is valuable to most people.

　　A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that help maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

　　第一句句子的主语是books，因此谓语动词应该用复数形式are而不是is，这就是“主谓一致”，即：谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致。因此，原句的正确表达为：Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities are valuable to most people.

　　第二句句子的主语是a less complicated social environment，谓语动词应该用单数形式helps. 因此，原句的正确表达为：A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that helps maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

　　我们再来看以下句子：

　　The number of students who walk to school has been significantly increased.

　　A large number of advertisers are filling commercials with appealing visual effects so as to spark consumers’ desires to buy such targeted products.

　　在托福独立写作中，the number of和a large number of是考生经常使用的两个短语，前者表示“…的数量”，后者表示“大量的”。第一句句子中的主语是the number of students，“学生的数量”是单数的，所以谓语应该使用单数形式has，而不是have. 又如：There has been a sharp increase in the number of Internet users since last year. 第二句句子中的主语是a large number of advertisers，“大量的广告商”是复数的，所以谓语应该使用复数形式are，而不是is.

　　2. 谓语的表现形式

　　我们来看以下句子：

　　Most students like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time.

　　Children who find passion in sports holding on to this passion throughout life, which leads to a healthier and more successful future.

　　第一句句子中like to watch TV和cannot finish their homework in time都是谓语动词，一般而言，两个谓语动词需要用连词(如and或but)进行连接，或者可以将like to watch TV变为从句，如：Most students who like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time(定语从句).

　　第二句句子没有谓语。句子中who find passion in sports是修饰children的“定语从句”，which leads to a healthier and more successful future是以which为引导的“非限定性定语从句”。整句句子的谓语动词应该是hold，而不应该使用非谓语形式(holding)。在托福独立写作中，尤其要注意there be句型中“谓语的表现形式”，如：

　　There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest.

　　因为there be句型中的be本身就是谓语成分，所以不能使用reflect，而应改为：There are a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest(定语从句);或There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflecting the diversity of users’ interest(非谓语结构)。

　　3.谓语的语态

　　“语态”表现的是主语和谓语之间的关系，托福独立写作中主要使用“主动语态”，不建议频繁使用“被动语态”。

　　我们来看以下句子：

　　Many children can avoid their most disliked courses if they are given the opportunity to choose.

　　Because the content of an e-book is delivered electronically to their devices, students can shop for e-books and receive them almost immediately, any time of the day or night.

　　第一句句子中“避免最不喜欢的课程”动作的发出者是“孩子们”，因此是“主动语态”;而他们“被”提供机会进行选择是“被动”的。第二句句子中“电子书的内容”和“将电子版本传输到学生的设备之中”是“被动”的关系，而学生“购买电子图书”和“不管白天还是黑夜，可以第一时间收到这些图书”都是“主动”的关系。