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托福语法辅导:表示比较的句子结构

中华考试网   2015-04-28   【

  形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”:

  A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.

  一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。

  He was as white as a sheet.

  他面色苍白如纸。

  Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.

  杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。

  Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.

  你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。

  形容词比较级可与than连用:

  The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.

  新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。

  He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).

  他犯的错比你少。

  He is stronger than I expected.

  他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:

  I didn’t expect him to be so strong.

  我没想到他长得这么壮。

  It was more expensive than I thought.

  这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:

  I didn’t think it would be so expensive.

  我没想到它会有这么贵。

  如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:

  This is the best way.

  这是最好的办法。

  在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。

  三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:

  This is the oldest theatre in London.

  这是伦敦最古老的剧院。

  The youngest of the family was the most successful.

  全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。

  关系从句中经常使用完成时态:

  It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.

  这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。

  It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.

  这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。

  He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.

  他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。

  It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.

  这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。

  注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:

  I have never drunk better beer.

  我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。

  I have never met a kinder man.

  我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。

  He had never spent a more worrying day.

  他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。

  注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:

  You are most kind.相当于:

  You are very kind.

  你很好心。考试大论坛

  意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。

  要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:

  House Agent:Do you want a big house?

  房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?

  Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.

  安:是的,越大越好。

  Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.

  汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。

  一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示:

  The weather is getting colder and colder.

  天气越来越冷了。

  He became less and less interested.

  他越来越不感兴趣。

  用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:

  Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.

  骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。

  It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.

  偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。

  原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:

  Tom is very like Bill.

  汤姆长得很像比尔。

  Bill and Tom are very alike.

  贝尔和汤姆长得很像。

  He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.

  他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。

  原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:

  He swims like a fish.

  他游起泳来像条鱼。

  You look like a ghost.

  你都不像人样了。

  Be like Peter/him:go jogging.

  像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。

  The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.

  窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。

  as(连词)与动词连用的结构:

  Do as Peter does:go jogging.

  像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。

  Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?

  你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?

  但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:

  Cycle to work like we do.

  像我们一样骑车上班。

  I like+名词和as+名词结构:

  He worked like a slave.

  他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累)

  He worked as a slave.

  他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)

  She used her umberlla as a weapon.

  她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)

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