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2012年托福考试语法辅导:名词(词组)作同位语

中华考试网   2012-01-06   【
名词(词组)作同位语
  同位语主要由名词词组充当, 对其前面的名词或代词作补充说明,
  I came from Jiangying, a very beautiful and peaceful town.
  例题:
  (1)
  In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ----for children in Boston, Massachusetts.
  (A) that institutes
  (B) while instituted
  (C) was an institution
  (D) an institute
  答案: (D)
  解释: 空白前的句子结构完整, 空格后的结构和宾语的很相似, (D)为名词词组, 构成宾语的同位语
  (2)
  Martha Graham, ----, has run her own dance company for half a century.
  (A) is the great modern choreographer
  (B) one of the great modern choreographers
  (C) that the great modern choreographers
  (D) the modern choreographers were great
  答案:B
  解释:此句主谓俱全, 空格设在主语和谓语之间, 且两端都有逗号, 推知缺少的是主语的同位语, B是名词词组, 可以胜任;A D中的动词与原句谓语冲突; C 不是完整的同位语从句
  考点四 名词(词组)作定语
  名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题
  这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等
  例题:
  (1)
  Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, is a prosperous trading and distribute center.
  应改为: distribution/ distributing.
  解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center,可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯
  (2)
  Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects.
  应改为: color
  解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果
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