2011托福语法指导：真题要点解析之从属连词3

复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构，因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类：（1）关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词（where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律，这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点
　　1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词
　　全真例题分析
　　(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.
　　(A) traps
　　(B) trap its
　　(C) which traps
　　(D) which it traps (92.1)
　　[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句，且在从句中作主语。
　　(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.
　　(A) there
　　(B) wherever
　　(C) somewhere
　　(D) then (92.5)
　　[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，引导地点状语从句。
　　(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.
　　(A) him
　　(B) although
　　(C) or
　　(D) who (92.10)
　　[答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语。
　　(4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.
　　(A) A volcano erupts
　　(B) A volcano whether erupts
　　(C) A volcano erupts it
　　(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)
　　[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。
　　2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用
　　解题要点：在written Expression (16-40题）中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。
　　全直例题分析
　　(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)
　　[答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that。
　　(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)
　　[答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。
　　(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)
　　[答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which。
　　(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)
　　[答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law，故应改为which或that。