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托福考试辅导:语法讲解(37)

中华考试网   2011-05-28   【

第五节 情态动词

情态动词有表示能够、愿意、请求等多种意思,比助动词用法要相对复杂些,TOEFL考试中,首先要记住语法上的要点,即情态动词之后必须接动词原形
常见情态动词有:
must, may, might, can, could, need, shall, should, ought to, will, would, dare, dared

情态动词表示现在对过去发生的事的猜测、想法时应该用 (情态动词 + 完成时动词),表示“应当已经 / 一直……”,“想必已经 / 一直……”。使用不同的情态动词,存在着语气、意思上的区别。
must + 完成时动词:表示对过去事情的肯定性推测,意思为“一定”,“必定”。
It's ten o'clock now, they must have arrive in Beijing.
(现在10点了,他们肯定已经到了北京。)
He is quite tired, he must have been overworking last night.
(他太累了,准是昨晚加班了。)

may/might /can/could + 完成时动词
(1) 均表示不肯定的推测,注意与must 肯定语气的比较。
He is so depressed, I'm afraid that he might have failed in the test.
(他心情这么沮丧,恐怕考试没有过。)
(2) 另外表示责备“本来可以(而竟没有)之意。

(3)注意cannot / couldn't + 完成时动词,表示对过去事情进行肯定性的否定推测,意思为“不可能干/做”,“肯定没有做……”。
He couldn't have finished the homework in such a short time.
他不可能在如此短的时间内作完家庭作业。

should / shouldn't / ought to / ought not to + 完成时动词:
用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,意思为“应该做而未做 / 不应该做却做了”(参考“虚拟语气”章节)
I should have brought the wallet with me. 我该带上钱包的。
He oughtn't to have been complaining about such a trivial matter. 他不应该为这件小事而抱怨不休。

needn't + 完成时动词;表示做了不必要的事,意思是“原本不必”。注意与cannot / couldn't + 完成时动词 进行比较。
You needn't have told him the matter. 你其实不必告诉他这件事。
You couldn't have told him the matter. 你不可能把这件事告诉他了。

区别于 would + 动词完成时,用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设。(参考“虚拟语气”章节)
If I had enough money on me, I would have bought the book. 如果我带的钱够,我就把那本书买下来了。

例题:
(1)
A fish must constantly to gulp water in order to keep a current flowing throughits delicate gills.
应改为:gulp.
解释:情态动词must之后用动词原形, 不能接不定式

(2)
Before the retina of the eye can be examined, the pupil must to be artificially dilated.
应改为:must be
解释:must是情态动词, 直接接动词原形, 而不能接不定式

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