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托福考试辅导:语法讲解(24)

中华考试网   2011-05-21   【

第二节 介宾短语
介词不能单独使用,而必须和其他词连用,这些词称作介词的宾语,它们共同构成的介宾短语常在句中作状语,作名词的后置定语,有时作某些动词的宾语补足语

考点一 名词作介词宾语

大部分介词的宾语都是由名词(包括代词)充当的,如:under the tree, during the day, 这一考点在题中多次出现

例题:
(1)
The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.
  (A) more accurate than sundials
  (B) more accurate sundials
  (C) sundials more accurately
  (D) more accurately than sundials

答案:B
解释:search for缺少宾语, 只有B是表达无误的名词词组, 可以作宾语;其他选项的比较形式都有错。

(2)
Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.
应改为:in length.
解释:long 是形容词, 不能单独接在介词之后, 其名词形式length与in构成介宾短语, 表示长度


考点二 动名词作介词宾语

名词作宾语时,之后不能再接宾语,这一缺陷可由动名词弥补。
如:before doing the job ,   after getting back
改错题中常把应该用动名词作宾语的地方误用为名词或不定式,需留心陷阱
       
例题:
(1)
The Conestoga wagon, used for to carry heavy loads over long distances, originatedaround 1725 in a region of Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga Indians.
应改为:carrying.
解释:不定式不能作for的宾语, 改为动名词即可

(2)
Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae ----harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.
 (A) does not
 (B) but does no
 (C) except
 (D) without

答案:D
解释:harming 是动名词形式, 因此要求前面的词是介词或可接动名词的动词. A B 可首先排除; C 虽是介词, 但与句意不符.

(3) Mary Ann Hardy was known for her skill to paint miniature watercolor portraits on ivory.
应改为:in painting
解释:后置定语修饰名词,什么方面的技能,不能用不定式。

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