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托福考试辅导:语法讲解(12)

中华考试网   2011-05-14   【

第二节 比较级
英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式:

在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等;

或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等

少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的),

考点一 含有标志词than

1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象,
如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train.
   She possesses more books than I do.
   He is more intelligent than I expected.
than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中,
空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级,
空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。

例题:
(1)
  Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.
  (A) coolest
  (B) the coolest
  (C) cooler
  (D) the cooler

答案:A
解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确

(2)
  Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.
应改为:more
解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级

2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来:
情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分,
如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain.
   (that 指代the population)
   His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues.
   (those 指代 designs)

情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语)
  如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may
    probably contribute more to the success of a play.

例题:

Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals.
 (A) than do
 (B) that are having
 (C) which have
 (D) that do

答案:A
解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装

 

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