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2010年新托福语法笔记:改错词性混用

中华考试网   2010-08-10   【
一、作表语:形容词和副词的混用
  1. be + adv. -> be + adj.
  eg: be rarly -> be rare
  2. be + noun. + prep -> be + adj. +prep
  eg: be value for -> be valuable for
  be fame for -> be famous for
  3. be origin based on 错 表语唯一
  be forcibily 错
  be completely enclosed 对
  be originally a poem 对
  be typicaly concerned with 对
  be generally with 对
  ┏数+noun.
  be + noun./adj./分词 +┃adj.
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┗分词短语
  ┗>adv.
  二、作宾语时,名词和动名词的混用
  *原则:名词比动名词优先
  from their kinding 错
  food supplying       错
  区别:名词作宾语,后面不可接名词
  动名词作宾语,后面可接名词
  动名词前可加the:the making of any work of art
  动名词前加the 后变化为一个纯粹的名词,不可再加名词了
  三、状语从句引导词与近义介词/adv.的混用
  1. when, while/during, in
  * when, while+ noun. 永远错
  during + 句子 永远错
  2. although/despite
  despite + 句子 永远错
  despite the fact that 对
  3. even though/even
  前者为连词,后者为副词
  even + 句子 永远错
  四、平衡连接词与近义副词的混用
  1. and/also
  前连后副
  V also V 对
  noun. also noun. 错
  2. or / else
  前连后副
  by scant else by color 错
  3. but/instead
  前连后副
  五、表示人的名词与表示物的同根名词的混用
  architect -> architectural
  inventor -> inventation
  sculptor -> sculpture
  poet -> poem, poetry
  novelist -> novel
  educator -> education
  settler -> settlement
  composer -> composition
  engineer -> engineering
  六、作定语,名词和形容词的混用
  原则:表示同一概念的形容词比名词优先
  eg: certain 比certainty优先
  当意义不同时,就无所谓优先
  如: color monitor 彩显
  colorful monitor 外观彩色的显示器
  colorful effect 多彩的效果
  color effect 彩色效果
  例外:
  1. 没有表示同一概念的形容词时,只能用名词修饰
  the city or regional planning
  Beijing city commercial bank
  the state government
  2. noun. + noun. 为特定含义时,不改为adj.
  safty glass 防弹玻璃
  exhibition flights 飞行表演
  color monitor 彩显
  3. noun.修饰noun.,表示后一个名词的本质属性,品质,种类时,不改adj.
  ***noun. + noun. 最后选
  beauty salon      对
  intelligence test 对
  *noun.+noun.在一起   a. 最后选
  b. 有无同概念形容词
  c. 看句意
  七、作修饰语,形容词和副词的混用
  1. 副词永远不能修饰名词
  up arms -> upper arms
  注意陷阱:adv. + 同位语
  * special 永远改 especially
  The common cold, (which is) normally a minor illness, can threaten
  the health of patient.
  2. adj. + adj. + noun.
  依次修饰关系
  an old red car
  a frequent pretty girl(??)
  3. adv. + 数 + noun. ; 数 + adj. + noun. 对
  数 + adv. + noun. ; adj. + 数 + noun. 错
  adv. + 数 + adj. + noun. 对
  4. ┏ adj.
  ┃ V
  adj. + ┃ prep.
  ~~~~ ┃ adv.
  ┗>adv. ┃ 分词短语
  ┗ 数词
纠错评论责编:sunshine
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