The Worlds Best

共享题干题【2013年真题】（三） The Worlds Best—Selling Medicine
   Since ancient times，people all over the world have used willow to stop pain.The willow tree contains salicylic acid(水杨酸).This stops pain.but there is one problem.Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach.In 1853，a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach.However，his mixture was difficult to make，and he did not try to produce or sell it. In 1897，in Germany，Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid.He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain.His fathers pain went away，and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.
   Hoffmann worked for Bayer，a German company.He showed his new drug to his manager，who tested the drug and found that it worked well.Bayer decided to make the drug.
   They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.
   Aspirin was all immediate Success.Almost everyone has pain of some kind，so aspirin answered a true need.Aspirin was cheap，easy to take，and effective.It also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.
   At first，Bayer sold the drug through doctors，who then sold it to their patients.In i915，the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores.In the United States，Bayer had a patent(专利权)on the drug.Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries. but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States.In time，Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States.Other companies could make it,there，too.However，Bayer aspirin was the most well—known，and for many years，it was the market leader.
   By the 1950s，new painkillers were on the market.Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever.Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However，in the 1970s they got a surprise.Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people.A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks.In 1982，he won the Nobel prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks.It has made life better for the many people who take it.It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!