2019年公共英语五级作文范文类型：优点和缺点
六、Advantages and disadvantages(优点和缺点)
题目范例：
With the increasing popularity of computers and calculators, student literacy is decreasing dramatically. What are the positive and negative effects the progress of science and technology has brought about?
审题：
"计算机和计箅器的普及使得学生的读写能力急剧下降"，这只是题目的引子，并不是要写的具体内容，不要贸然就去写学生的读写能力下降的原因，题目的关键在后半部分："科技
进步带来什么样的积极与消极影响"the positive and negative就等同于Advantages and disadvantages(这道题要求写科技进步带来的利与弊，考生根本不需要分析学生读写能力下降的原因，因为这只是题目中的铺垫，夸张一点说，这篇文章中即使对计算机和计箅器一字不提也完全可以，文章中可以写其他科技进步的表现形式，如电视。因此再次提醒考生注意审题，把握题目的重点所在。
范文解析：
范文
It has been widely noted that, with the growing use of computers and calculators both in the classroom and in the home, the level of literacy and mathematical ability of students is dropping. This raises serious doubts about the value of the progress of science and technology. Here I will discuss the pros and cons of this question.
First of all, advances in science and technology have certainly brought about many benefits for mankind. They have made our lives more comfortable and healthier. In addition, they have eased the burden of work for most people and provided them with more leisure opportunities, while at the same time increasing productivity dramatically.
Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that technology has some negative side-effects. As mentioned above, with computers which check spelling, grammar and calculation for them, students have little incentive to learn how to do these things for themselves. Also, the availability of TV programs and videos encourages an unhealthy, sedentary lifestyle.
Another aspect of this issue is that technology may be good or bad, depending on how we use it. For instance, dynamite may be used to make road construction easier, or it may be used to kill people. Again, nuclear reactors can supply huge amounts of cheap electricity, but if they are carelessly handled they can cause devastating pollution.
We can conclude that the progress of science and technology has both positive and negative effects. What we must do is make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible. Among other things, this means that students are warned not to let computers and calculators do all their work for them.
解析
范文的首段设置场景，表明写作目的。"人们广泛注意到随计算机、计算器越来越广泛的使用，在课堂上和在家里，学生的读写能力和数学能力都在下降，这引起人们对科技进步的价值产生怀疑"。对于这种情况"文章中将讨论这个问题的两个方面"，在这里要注意一个
表达法pros and cons表示支持，cons表示反对pros and cons将从正反两个方面进行阐述。
接下来文章第二、三段便分别从支持和反对这两个方面来写。一般说来，"利与弊"的文章写四段即可，主体段落中一个段落写"利"，另一个段落写"弊"，再加上开头和结尾两个段落，但此篇范文共有五段，因为这个题目本身比较特殊，科学技术的进步是个客观现象，它所带来的利与弊往往与人力因素有关，人对科技的运用决定它到底是有利还是有弊，因此文章在主体段落中又添加了一段，阐述科技进步本来是可好可坏的东西，它往哪个方向走取决于人类怎么用它。用两个例子来证明这一分支观点，for instance"〔例如)炸药的两面性， 它既可以在修建公路时减轻人们的工作，但也可以用来杀人，again(再如〉，注意这里不要写for another example再如核技术可用来发电，但如处理不当，会引起毁灭性的污染。
由主体段落的论述可以得出结论:科技进步既有好的方面，又有不好的方面，我们该做的就是保证提倡、发扬好的方面，尽可能的消灭不好的方面。接着再就题目本身引申出：此外，学生不应用计箅机和计算器帮他们做所有的事情。
这篇范文是一篇"利与弊"的经典文章，其中的语言具有相当强的可操作性，文章高度模式化，值得考生认真研究。
如何对待"advantages and disadvantages'的变化题型
上文中已经提到，近年的advantages and disadvantages'类的题目的写作指令不像以前那么直接，产生了 一定的变化，这实际上增加了审题的难度，例如上面范文的题目很直接地问科技进步的利与弊，考生可以很肯定地从两方面去写。但这种题型的变化题型就没有这么容易判断。
例：
There have been many technological developments in the 20th century, for example, computers and electric power. Choose either of them, describe the changes it has brought about and discuss whether all the changes are positive.
范文：
The 20th century has seen many developments in science and technology. The widely-used computer serves as the most notable example: Only a few decades ago, people knew very little about computers, whereas now nearly every work unit or family, at least in cities like Beijing, has one or more computers. Computers have greatly changed our life.
To begin with, they have made our work easier. Scientists use them to do all sorts of complicated calculations. Ordinary people gain easy access to the information they want through the use of computers. Even children benefit from computers, which can help them with their studies. Secondly, computers have made our time more flexible. Instead of our work being confined to a certain period of time and to a fixed place, people can now work while travelling or simply work at home. This flexibility makes our working lives not only less stressful but also more efficient. Thirdly, computers have made our life more interesting. We can now make friends with people all over the world through the Internet, and feel that we are now living in a global village.
However, as the old saying goes, "Every coin has two sides", computers also give rise to a number of problems. They may refuse to work if there is a breakdown because of a virus or a technical failure. When people become too dependent on computers, they will not be able to function when computers are not available. Worst of all, children may get harmful information via the Internet or become addicted to computer games. All these bad effects call for our special concern.
All in all, I would say that computers bring us more benefits than problems. If properly used, computers are essential for improving life in the 21st century.
解析：
这道题本质上就是一道"advantages and disadvantages"的题目，但命题的语言却为考生设置了几个障碍，一是考生要从题目列出的二十世纪的发明中选择一种，要么是写计算机，要么是写核电力，不需要两种都写，也不要写其他的发明。第二个障碍是题目问这个发明对人类生活的影响是否总是积极的，所以在写的时候考生就不能在积极的和消极的影响上花费同样的笔墨，应当有所侧重。根据题目的要求，文章中积极方面的内容应当占大约70%。， 消极的方面最多占30%。这样才能保证文章在主体上是肯定的，在很小的程度上表示否定。因为题目是问"这项发明对人类的影响是否一直是肯定的"，这种提问的方式显然已经先确定它对人类的影响应当是肯定的。
这篇文章具体应当怎么写呢，我们以计算机为例：第一段可以谈一下二十世纪科技有许多进步，计算机的广泛使用就是一个最显著的例子，然后描述现象，几十年前，人们对计算机几乎是一无所知，而现在许多家庭都已经拥有计算机，它已在很大程度上改变了我们的生活。接下来在第二段写计箅机对人类的积极的影响，它使工作更轻松，这里可以举几个例子，例如科学家用计算机进行复杂的运算，普通老百姓可以通过计算机很容易就找到所需要
的信息，孩子们使用计箅机来帮助学习。第三段再从另一个角度写计箅机的积极的影响：它可以使人们更灵活地安排自己的时间。人们不需要再固定在一个时间和一个地点上班，通过计算机可以在任何地方工作。时间安排就可以更加灵活，生活没有以前那么紧张，工作也
更有效率了。主体段落中还可以继续讲计算机使人们的生活更加有趣，可以通过因特网交朋友等等。
写完这些积极的影响后一定要用一个自然段来写消极的方面，计算机也有一些不良的影响，但这一段不需要展开，因为要在文章的主体上达到肯定的效果，因此大致地点几个现象就可以了，例如孩子可能会通过因特网得到一些有害的信息，人们过分依赖计算机，病毒或技术上的失误可能导致一些重要资料丢失。要注意在这一段的任何一个现象都是点到即止，不需要再深人阐述。
文章的最后一段自然地得出结论：计算机的利大于弊，如果使用得当，计算机对人们在21世纪提高生活质量会起到很重要的作用。
