2017年公共英语五级作文指导：推展段展开方法练习
推展段展开方法练习
1 举例法
例1 City life is very stressful.(匆匆忙忙去上班， 下班挤车) ________________。
例2 There is always something to do on Sunday.(洗衣服，做家务，照看孩子等)______________________.
常用介词：for example, for instance, as an examples, an illustration, in particular, in addition, besides, in the first place, in other words, above all.
副词：namely, lastly, moreover, finally, thirdly, furthermore, fourthly, importantly
动词：to show, to illustrate, to prove, to start with
短语：as follows, that is to say, first and foremost, such as , most important of all
2 分类法
例1
Patients may be divided into two different types according to their attitudes toward their diseases: the optimistic and the pessimistic. _______________________________
There are three kinds of Internet players.(学习、交友、玩游戏)___________________。
动词：to classify, to be grouped into, to be divided into, to organize, to sort , to categorize
过渡词：first of all, in the first place, first, second, third, first, secondly, thirdly, first, next, then , in the second place, finally
3 因果分析法
例 Suppose you are trying to explain why language change.
Effect: Language change
Causes: ① Groups of people become separated from each other.② Interaction with forcing cultures. ③ Rapidly expanding technology and communication. There are many reasons why language change, but three major reasons help show the concept.________________________.
常用连词：because , if , since, for, as, so
常用副词：consequently, hence, therefore, thus
介词： in this way, as a result, for this reason, because of , due to, owing to
动词短语：to cause, to result from, to contribute, to result in, to account for, to attribute to , to owe to, to lead to.
练习：Long distance running every day can significantly change a runner’s life-style.
Firstly, if one insists on running for some time, he’ll find that he has more energy and can do more things. The days will grow longer because of less sleep needed. Secondly, the body will become thinner, smoother, firmer. Thirdly, running also produces a healthful feeling of pleasant, excitement, which comes from adherence to a strict routine and the improved physical condition. So, running makes one feel good, about himself and about the world.
4 比较对照法
例1 Men and women are equal at home now. Both men and women ______________. They both ___________________. Men __________________. In the same way, women _______________.
例2 Suppose you will compare the European and American Universities.
European universities: ① Students’ attendance not required.② One comprehensive exam at the end of entire four or five years of study.
American universities: ① Students’ attendance compulsory otherwise penalized. ② Numerous tests and quizzes in each course.
There are two major differences between the European and American universities___________.
常用词语：比较：similarly, correspondingly, like, in the same way, likewise, as….as, the same as, neither….nor, both ….and, by comparison, to be equal to, to resemble
对照：unlike, contrary to, whereas, while, as opposed to, on the other hand, however, on the contrary, in contrast, be different from, although, to differ from, to contrast with, not as….as.
5 列举法
例 Reference have already brought the Chinese people a lot of benefits. first, _______. Second _______. What’s more, _______.
6 定义法
例1 A language is a signaling system which _______. 例2 Generation gap refer to _______
常用句型： what I mean by …. is that, it refers to, is considered to be, it means,
动词词组： to be said, to mean, to refer to, to signify, to define, to be defined as, to be considered, to be supposed, to explain.
练习：What is a free man?
A free man is a person being not a slave, not in the power of another person, not in prison. First, a free person should have personal rights. He has the right to enjoy right and do his duty. Second, he should have political liberty. It possesses freedom of speech, freedom of religion, being free from fear and want. Besides, he has social liberty. A person who lost the right of communicating with others will feel that he is in prison.
