beside在并排一条线上;
by在并排一条线上;
next to在顺序上紧靠旁边;
near 靠得最远，不表明确方向或顺序。 Lets meet at the school gate.
The building beside the library is the shopping center.
The boy standing by my side is from Shanghai.
Whos sitting next to/beside Mr.Steve?
about， round， around. about表示周围是随意的，不规则的;round或around的周围则是较完整的一个圈。 Dont leave the toys about the meeting-room.
They are sitting round/around the table.
to， for， at to 运动的方向，目的地;
for 动身出发的目的地;
at 有意攻击的目标。 Throw it to me.
Hell leave for Shanghai.
He threw the ball at that boy.
up， down up指往上，往北，大地方，靠拢;
down指向下，往南，向小地方，往开走但在一市区，去中心区用down，去郊区等用up。 They are going up the hill.
They are going down river.
Im going down town shopping.
on， in， to in表在某地区内;
on表接壤;
to表在某地区以外。 Shanghai is in the south of China.
Hunan lies on the north of Guangdong.
Xichang lies to the south west of Chengdu.
between，among between指两者之间;
among指在三者以上之间。 Theres a river between the two villages.
Theres a small house among the trees.
