Water is necessary for life and good health. We often forget this fact when we think about the other building blocks of life such as vitamins, minerals and proteins. We can live for many days without eating, but two or three days without water usually leads to death.
The human body may look solid, but most of it is water. Newborn babies are as much as 85% water. Women are about 65% water and men about 75%. Women usually have less water than men because women, in general, have more fat cells, and fat cells hold less water than other kinds of cells.
Water is necessary for cooling the body under hot weather and when we are working hard or exercising, water carries body heat to the surface of the skin, where the heat is lost through perspiration(出汗).
Researchers note that fat cells block body heat from escaping quickly. Fat cells under the skin act like warm clothing to keep body heat inside. This is why overweight people have a more difficult time staying cool than thin people.
Researchers also note that cool liquids cool us faster than warm liquids,because cold liquids take up more heat inside the body and carry it away faster. They say, however, that cold sweet drinks do not work well because the sugar slows the liquid from getting into the blood stream.
The body loses water every day through perspiration and urine(尿). If we lose too much, we will become sick. To replace what is lost, health experts say grown persons should drink about 2 liters of liquids each day, and more in hot weather. They say we can also get some of the water we need in the foods we eat. Most fruits and vegetables are more than 80% water. And even bread is about 33% water.
1. From the passage we learn that among the following four groups of people .
A. fat women are over eighty percent water
B. thin men are over eighty percent water
C. newborn infants are over eighty percent water
D. elderly adults are over eighty percent water
2. Why do thin people usually feel better in hot days than fat people?
A. Thin people perspire less.
B. Fat people do not sweat as much as thin people do.
C. Thin people have less heat inside their bodies.
D. Fat people have more fat cells which keep the heat inside.
3. The author suggests that on hot summer days one should drink .
A. hot water
B. iced tea
C. cold Coca-Cola
D. hot coffee
4. What should we do to keep enough water in the body?
A. To take two liters of water daily all through the year.
B. To eat everything that contains water.
C. To take in as much as we have lost.
D. To drink only when we feel very thirsty.
5. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. Water is almost as important as food.
B. Many people tend to neglect the importance of water.
C. Water is the origin of life.
D. Most fruits and vegetables contain much water.
【答案】
1. 【精析】C事实细节题。
本题提问的是关于下列四类人群，我们可以从文中知道什么。根据文章第二段，特别是“Newborn babies are as much as 85%water.”可知选项C为正确答案。
2. 【精析】D推理判断题。
本题提问的是为什么瘦人在炎热天气中会比胖人感觉舒服些。根据文章第四段中的描述“Fat cells under the skin act like warm clothing to keep body heat inside. This is why overweight people have a more difficult time staying cool than thin people.”可以判断出，正是因为超重的人身体内更多的脂肪细胞锁住热量，才使得瘦人在炎热天气中感觉好些，而胖人很难感觉到凉爽。故答案为D。
3. 【精析】B推理判断题。
本题提问的是作者建议在夏天应该喝下列哪种饮料降温。文章的倒数第二段讨论的是人们所摄入液体降温的效果。冷水同热水相比能更快地带走人体内的热量，但是甜的冷饮并不能快速降温是因为液体中的糖分会使其进入血液循环的速度减慢。所以作者应会建议没有糖分的凉茶作为降温的饮料，所以答案为B。
4. 【精析】C事实细节题。
本题提问的是我们应该如何来保持身体内有充足的水分。根据文章最后一段，作者认为人们损失的水分应该尽快再摄取回来。所以答案为C，即将每天通过排汗和排泄丢失的水分再补充回来。
5. 【精析】B主旨大意题。
本题提问的是我们能通过文章得出什么结论。通读全文可知，文章认为水比食物更重要，所以选项A不正确;文章并没有谈及生命的起源，所以选项C也不正确;文章的主要意思也不是讨论水果和蔬菜的水分含量的，排除D。由文章前两句可知选项B为正确答案。
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