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2018年PETS一级考试口试语法知识:主谓一致

来源:华课网校   2018-06-18【

2018年PETS一级考试口试语法知识:主谓一致

  (一)、主谓一致三原则

  主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。

  1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。

  Tom ________(is / are)a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。

  They often ________(plays / play)football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

  2. 意义一致原则:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。

  My family ______(is / are)having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

  Twenty dollars ___(is / are)too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。

  3. 就近一致原则:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近它的主语。例如:

  Not only the teacher but also his students _____(like / likes)playing football.

  不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

  There ________(is / are)a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

  (二)、主谓一致常考题型

  ☆1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。

  The desk ________(is / are)Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。

  Some water ________(is / are)in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。

  The students ________(is / are)playing football on the playground.

  这些学生正在操场上踢足球。

  2. more than one + 单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。

  More than one student ________(has / have)ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

  ☆3. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。

  Two months ________(is / are)a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。

  Twenty pounds ________(is / are)not so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。

  Ten miles ____(is / are)not a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。

  Five minus four ________(is / are)one. 5减4等于1。

  4. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。

  Each boy and each girl ________(has / have)got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。

  Every man and every woman ________(is / are)at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。

  5. one and a half + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。

  One and a half hours ________(is / are)enough. 一个半小时足够了。

  ☆6. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  To see ________(is / are)to believe. 眼见为实。

  Doing eye exercises ________(is / are)good for your eyes.

  做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

  7. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  A student or two ________(like / likes)to listen to this new teacher’s class.

  一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。

  ☆8. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词+as well as+名词”时,谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。

  Mike with his father ________(has / have)been to England.

  迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。

  Mike, like his brother, ________(enjoy / enjoys)playing football.

  迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。

  The students as well as the teacher ____(was / were)present at the meeting.

  开会的时候,学生们和老师都在场。

  9. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。

  The writer and teacher ________(is / are)coming.

  那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

  The writer and the teacher ________(is / are)coming.

  作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

  A knife and fork ________(is / are)on the table. 桌子上放着一副刀叉。

  ☆10. people, police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个一个的具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。

  People here ________(is / are)very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。

  His family ________(is / are)not large. 他家的人不多。

  My family all _____(like / likes)watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。

  ☆11. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  ________(Is / Are)everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗?

  Something ________(is / are)wrong with him. 他有毛病。

  Nobody ________(was / were)in. 没有人在家。

  ☆12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  Each of them ________(has / have)an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。

  Neither answer ________(is / are)correct. 两个答案都不正确。

  ☆13. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等。

  No news ________(is / are)good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

  Maths _______(is / are)very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。

  ☆14. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主语,则动词为单数形式。

  Either my wife or I ________(am / is / are)going.

  Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ________(know / knows)the answer.

  Not only you but also he ________(is / are)ready to leave.

  Each of us ________(has / have)got a new story book.

  Neither of the books ________(is / are)very interesting.

  15. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时,动词一般用单数形式。但a variety of, a number of +名词复数,动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

  A number of students ________(is / are)going to visit this place of interest.

  The number of the students ________(is / are)over 800

  16.以here,there开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。

  There ________(is / are)a book and three pens on the desk.

  Here ________(is / are)some books and paper for you.

  ☆17. the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。

  The poor ________(is / are)very happy, but the rich ________(is / are)sad.

  The beautiful ________(live / lives)forever. 美是永存的。

  (三)、肯定与否定一致

  下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。

  We've had some (money).→ We haven't had _____________ (money).

  I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to _____________.

  They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.

  He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived _____________.

  Li is coming, too.→ Li isn't coming, _____________.

  Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.

  He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.

  ☆注意:so / neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。

  My wife likes classic music very much and so do I.

  She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.

责编:examwkk 评论 纠错

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