2018年PETS一级考试口试语法知识：短语、感官动词
【短语动词】
动词加小品词构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词(Phrasal Verb)。例如： Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。(turn off是短语动词)
短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：
1) 动词+副词，如：black out;
2) 动词+介词，如：look into;
3) 动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词(Particle)。
【感官动词 + doing/to do】
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
