5. 用代词时,检查指代关系是否清楚。
例1:
a) Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden theyhave to bear.
b) Sometimes a teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.
分析:they 既可指代teachers, 也可指代 students,明显的是指代不清。其实只要把其中一个名词变成单数,用he和 they分别代不同的名词,就清楚了。因为 a teacher也可泛指所有教师。
例2:
a) Someone believes that the teacher's task is to give students knowledge, which may not be true.
b) Someone believes that the teacher's task is to give students knowledge, a notion which may not be true.
分析:which指代什么不清楚,指 knowledge,还是指前面整个句子?如果指 Someone believes,最好用 a notion或an idea归纳一下整个句子的意思,然后引出从句。
例3:
a) People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.
b) People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but the effort often proves useless.
分析:it 指什么?如指influence,则在 it often proves useless 这个句子中显然不通。写作人知道it指人们的努力,但effort 这个词前面没有出现过,就不能用it。
6. 相邻的句子,检查是否避免了不必要的结构转变
例4:
a) While we reuce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased.
b) While the number of vehiles is reduced, the speed of traffic is increased.
注意:两个非常相关的意思,不要一个使用主动结构,一个使用被动结构。
7.检查可数名词与不可数名词是否用得正确
例5:
a) TV presents us with many useful informations.
b) TV presents us with a lot of useful information.
分析:还有evidence, advice, knowledge等都是不可数名词,都不能用复数。另外, many, a great number of, another, few 等只能与可数名词配用。而a great amount of, a great deal of, less, much, 等应与不可数名词配用。
例6:
a) Making our cities greener is not an easy work.
b) Making our cities greener is not an easy job.
分析:work 用作可数名词是"作品"这类意思,而表示"工作"时,不可数。同样,在 Word has been sent out that those who cheat on exams will be punished.这个句子中,要用单数word表示"信息"。
在限时、紧张的写作中,出现错误,尤其是语言上的错误是不可避免的。如果把这些错误留在那里,不得到改正,就会影响整篇文章的质量。阅卷人虽然不大会按你文章中语言错误的累计数目进行扣分,但错误,尤其是一些幼稚的错误,会给阅卷人员留下不好的印象,从而影响文章的分数。因此建议大家在写完之后务必要对自己的写作进行检查,修改基本语法错误。
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