教师招聘考试：中小学英语基础知识资料（6）_第2页

　　[析] 要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：at a tailor's shop (裁缝店)=at a tailor's, 　at the doctor's (去看病) at the bookseller's (在书店) at uncle Wang's (在王叔叔家)

　　[误] Do you know there is some good news on today's newspaper?

　　[正] Do you know there is some good news in today's newspaper?

　　[析] 在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。

　　[误] The school will begin on September 1st.

　　[正] School will begin on September 1st.

　　[析] 这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at table (吃饭)， When I came to Tom's home, they were at table. 还有： at desk (学习)，at work (工作) at school (上学)， in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜　如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。

　　[误] In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.

　　[正] On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.

　　[析] 译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光　"在……的路上"应用on one's way…。而 in the way 有挡道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way。

　　[误] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.

　　[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.

　　[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the office.

　　[析] in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。

　　[误] I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.

　　[正] I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.

　　[正] I'll leave for Shanghai.

　　[析] leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：start for 动身前往某处，set out for， sail for。

　　[误] I'm sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.

　　[正] I'm sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.

　　[析] get in, 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而get out为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We'd better get in. 或We'd better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车：get on/off(a train, a ship, a struck) get into/out of (a car, taxi…)

　　[误] Be careful? The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.

　　[正] Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.

　　[析] over 与 above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.

　　[误] There is an old stone bridge above the river.

　　[正] There is an old stone bridge over the river.

　　[析] over还有一意为"跨越，横跨"。

　　[误] The Dead Sea is under the sea level.

　　[正] The Dead Sea is below the sea level.

　　[析] 在垂直下方要用below.　也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。

　　[误] There is a big tree in the front of the house.

　　[正] There is a big tree in front of the house.

　　[析] in front of 是在物体外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物体内部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.

　　[误] It took them two days to walk across the forest.

　　[正] It took them two days to walk through the forest.

　　[析] across 作为介词有两个主要意思：① 横过，如：I want to walk across the street.② 对面，如：There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.

　　[误] The sun sets toward the west.

　　[正] The sun sets in the west.

　　[析] towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 时，其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：I went south. 也可用作名词，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容词，如：I went to the south part of China.

　　[误] Do you have no other clothes except those?

　　[正] Do you have no other clothes besides those?

　　[析] beside 是"在……旁边"，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是"除……之外，不仅……而且……，除了……以外还有……"， 如：I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that则要加从句。

　　[误] Can I write the exam paper with ink?

　　[正] Can I write the exam paper with a pen?

　　[正] Can I write the exam paper in ink?

　　[析] with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。

　　[误] I'm earlier today. I came here by his car.

　　[正] I'm earlier today. I came here in his car.

　　[析] 在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。　by taxi=in a taxi

　　by train=in a train

　　by bicycle=on a bicycle

　　by ship=on a ship

　　by boat=in a boat

　　by bus=on a bus

　　by plane=on a plane

　　by air 空运

　　by land 陆运

　　by sea 海运

　　on foot on horseback

　　by phone by letter by radio

　　by air mail by hand

　　[误] A lot of French wines are made of grape.

　　[正] A lot of French wines are made from grape.

　　[析] made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：The desk was made of hard wood.

　　[误] This is a good dictionary in English grammar.

　　[正] This is a good dictionary on English grammar.

　　[析] 关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知识。

　　[误] Do you have the key of the door.

　　[正] Do you have the key to the door.

　　[析] key to the door门的钥匙。相同用法还有answer to the question, entrance to the highway, danger to health.千万不要用of。

　　[误] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.

　　[正] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.

　　[析] have interest in是在某方面有兴趣。

　　[误] I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.

　　[正] I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry with me.

　　[析] be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.

　　[误] He was good for skating.

　　[正] He was good at skating.

　　[析] be good at 为"擅长某事"，而be good for somebody为对某人很好。

　　[误] It was good to you to help my little boy.

　　[正] It was good of you to help my little boy.

　　[析] 这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是对某人态度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.

　　[误] My parents were very pleased at me.

　　[正] My parents were very pleased with me.

　　[正] My parents were very pleased at my studying.

　　[析] be pleased with后加somebody, 而be pleased at后加something。

　　[误] He is agree with me.

　　[正] He agrees with me.

　　[误] He againsts me.

　　[正] He is against me.

　　[析] 同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。

　　[误] I haven't heard letters from him.

　　[正] I haven't heard from him.

　　[析] hear from 即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。

　　[误] Teacher. May I call at you this weekend?

　　[正] Teacher. May I call on you this weekend?

　　[析] 作为"拜访"讲call at其后接地点，如：May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其后接人。

　　[误] Do you know the girl on white?

　　[正] Do you know the girl in white?

　　[析] in white为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：in bed(睡觉)，in hospital(住院)，in a hurry(匆匆忙忙)，in danger(危险中),in joy (高兴)，in good health(身体好)，in love(恋爱)，in trouble(困境)，与之相反的是out of ,如：out of trouble (摆脱困境)，out of date(过时了)， out of order(出故障)

　　[误] He looked at me at surprise.

　　[正] He looked at me in surprise.

　　[析] surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首，To one's surprise, 如：To my surprise he succeeded. ② be surprised at, 如：I was surprised at the news. ③用于句尾in surprise.

　　[误] She didn't come to school because of she was ill.

　　[正] She didn't come to school because she was ill.

　　[析] because of 后接名词，如：The game was put off because of the rain.

　　(三) 例题解析

　　1? - Thank you ___ the beautiful flowers!

　　- Not at all.

　　A? in B? on C? at D? for

　　[答案] D.

　　[析] 由于某事向某人道谢应用for。

　　2? Can you answer this question ___ English?

　　A? by B? in C? with D? from

　　[答案] B.

　　[析] in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.

　　3? Look ___ the map ___ China ___ the wall, please.

　　A? after, of, in B? at, of, in

　　C? after, in, on D? at, of, on

　　[答案] D.

　　[析] look at 为"看"，而on the wall为"在墙表面挂着"，而in the wall 则是"在墙内"，如：There is hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。

　　4? - When did Mr Green arrive in London?

　　- He arrived there ___ the evening of December 6th.

　　A? at B? in C? on D? to

　　[答案] C.

　　[析] in the evening / afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning等。

　　5? We won the relay race. And there was a big smile ___ our teacher's face.

　　A? off B? near C? on D? between

　　[答案] C.

　　6? The twins got on well ___ their classmates.

　　A? to B? in C? with D? about

　　[答案] C.

　　[析] get on well with与人相处很好。

　　7? - Please remember to come to my birthday party.

　　- I see. I'll come ___ Saturday evening.

　　A? in B? at C? on D? for

　　[答案] C.

　　8?　 Let's hurry， or we'll be late ___ school?

　　A?　to B?　at C?　with D?　for

　　[答案] D.

　　[析] be late for， 而 come late to， 如： Don't come late to school?