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雅思经验:写作错误与分析经典总结

来源:中华考试网   2010-07-13   【
 一。 不一致(disagreements)

  所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等。

  例1。 when one have money ,he can do what he want to .

  (人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么。)

  剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致。

  改为: once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)

  二。 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers)

  英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解。例1。 i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.

  剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末。

  三。 句子不完整(sentence fragments)

  在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。

  例1。 there are many ways to know the society

  . for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .

  剖析:本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。

  改为:there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.

  四。 悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers)

  所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。例如:at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时,但没有说明” 谁”十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了。

  改为:when i was ten, my grandfather died.

  例1。 to do well in college, good grades are essential.

  剖析:句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚。

  改为:to do well in college, a student needs good grades.

  五。 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)

  “词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。

  例1。 none can negative the importance of money.

  剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。

  改为:none can deny the importance of money.

  六。 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)

  指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句:

  mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

  (玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。)

  读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为:

  mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

  例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

  剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为:we can also know society by serving it ourselves.

  七。 不间断句子(run-on sentences)

  什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。

  例1。 there are many ways we get to know the outside world.

  剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

  改为:there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world

  八。 措词毛病(troubles in diction)

  diction 是指在特定的句子中怎样适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。

  例1。 the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.

  (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)

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