2016年雅思阅读因果信号词的灵活运用

　　2016年雅思阅读因果信号词的灵活运用

　　因果信号词

　　大因果——表示原因或结果的成分都是句子的，叫大因果。

　　表示原因的信号词：because，in that，as，since 等。

　　1. I am in a slightly awkward position, in that my secretary is on holiday at the moment.

　　2. There are occasions when giving a gift surpasses spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity.

　　表示结果的信号词: so (that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently 等。

　　1. The first of the new freedoms is in design. Powerful computer-aided design (CAD) systems can replace with a click of a computer mouse hours of laborious work done on thousands of drawing boards. So new products, no matter how complicated, can be developed much faster. For the first time, Boeing will not have to build a giant replica of its new airliner, the 777, to make sure all the bits fit together. Its CAD system will take care of that.

　　2. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% of all women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% of men.

　　小因果——表示原因或结果的成分都是动词(词组)或介词(词组)的，叫小因果。

　　1. Increased air temperature has brought about higher sea levels.

　　分析 本句的意思是气温的增加导致海平面上升。bring about在这里表示前因后果关系，即“因为气温增加所以海平面上升”。

　　2. Necessity led to experimentation.

　　分析 需要导致实践，需要和实践之间是因果关系。

　　需要注意的是，thus等小词有时也可构成小因果关系。例如：

　　As our roads become more dangerous, more parents drive their children to more places, thus contributing to increased levels of danger for the remaining pedestrians.

　　试理解下列句子中的因果关系：

　　1.One of London Zoo's recent advertisements caused me great irritation.

　　2. The high cost of oil poses serious problems for industry.

　　3. The advertising campaign has contributed significantly to the success of the new car.

　　4. His illness resulted from eating contaminated food.

　　5. Cutting the hefty subsidies that go to the world's coal producers would help tilt the world's energy balance towards natural gas.

　　6. His success can be attributed to hard working.

　　7. The border incident precipitated the two countries into war.

　　8. I think a lack of confidence underlies his aggressive manner.

　　9. A higher price greatly affected demand for electricity.

　　10. Governments could take advantage of today's low oil prices to build up their own stocks.

　　11. Population aging is mainly due to a decline in fertility.

　　12. Elderly women outnumber elderly men because of gains in female longevity.

　　分析 除去第4，6，11, 12句，其余句子都是前因后果。