21、关于FALSE的题目判定方法
1)考点上方向相反原则(考点方向矛盾原则)
即,题目中需要求证的考点词在方向上与文中对应的考点词明显矛盾或相反。
e. g. 剑5 , P26 ,No29。The number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years.
剑5 , P73 , No33。 In 1985, AL was at its lowest point.
2)对应考点不相容原则
本原则指题目中的考点信息与原文对应考点信息存在内容上的差异,并且题目考点词与对应原文考点词不存在上下义逻辑包含关系,它的命题通常包括数字不相容、时间不相容、原因不相容、地点不相容。
地点不相容比较特殊,如果此题为F,题目与原文考点对应词汇一定不为上下义包含关系。而且如果为地点不相容,题目中必须含有绝对化(性)的限定条件。
原文:The earliest written records of human history were found in western Asia.
题目:The earliest written records of human history were in Europe.
原文与题目之间对应考点为Europe与western Asia 此题为F。因为本题含有绝对性限定条件“the earliest”,并且题目中需求证的表地点的词Europe与原文对应的地点名词western Asia不存在上下义包含关系,所以此题正确答案为FALSE。
e.g.剑6,P24,No22.
题目:Small computer components are manufactured in Germany
原文:Most of the world’s disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia.
此题为NG,因为本题无绝对化限定条件,如果原文改为All of the world's….或Small computer components manufactured only in South- east Asia ,则此题目为F,无限定条件则为NG,主要强调该地点的唯一性。
而且题目与原文对应的考点词汇绝对不允许为上下义包含关系,否则会有两种情况发生,F或NG.
E.g. A 原文 Tourists mainly come from Europe.
题目 Tourists mainly come from England .
Or
B 原文 Tourists mainly come from England.
题目Tourists mainly come from Europe.
A题为NOT GIVEN,B题为YES
此为上下义逻辑关系理论
上义词→下义词(NG),下义词→上义词(T)