1.学习过程太零碎,不系统。
2.分不清什么时候使用,怎么使用。
3.一些固定用法记不住。
解决办法:
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。由于虚拟语气表达的是与事实相反的行为状态,其谓语动词的变化不同于陈述语气,这也是大家感到困惑和容易出错的地方。做此类题目时,关键要迅速发现解题信息词,确定虚拟语气类型,然后按各类虚拟语气的特定表达方式确定动词的形式。
用法讲解:
虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而仅是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
1.条件从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟情况 |
条件从句谓语形式 |
主句谓语形式 |
典型例句 | |
与现在的事实相反 |
did/were |
would do |
I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. ? ? | |
与过去事实相反 |
had done |
would have done |
If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. ? ? | |
与将来事实相反 |
did/were |
would do |
We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow. | |
were to do | ||||
should do | ||||
混合虚拟 |
从句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事实相反 |
had done |
would do |
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海) |
含蓄虚拟条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。通常的词或短语有:without"如果没有", but for "要不是", but that, otherwise, or, but等。
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. (2001上海春季)
But for my classmates’ help, I would not have finished the work in time. (2004三级题)
Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth would not grow well. ( 2004三级题)
注意:在虚拟条件句中,若有动词were, should或had(+过去分词),可以省略if,且把这三个词放在主句之前,变成倒装句。如:
What would have happened, had Bob walked farther, as far as the riverbank? (2001上海)
Had I realized you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. (1996三级题)
Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk. (2001三级题)
Had he taken the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. (2004三级题)