B
I am a health psychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier. But I fear that something I've been teaching for the last 10 years is doing more harm than good and it has to do with __1__.
For years I've been telling people, stress makes you sick. It increases the __2__ of everything from the common cold to cardiovascular(心血管的) disease. __3__ , I've turned stress into the __4__ . But I have changed my __5__ about stress, and today, I want to change yours.
Let me start with the study that made me rethink the whole __6__ to stress. This study tracked 30,000 adults in the United States for eight years, and they started by asking people, “How much stress have you __7__ in the last year?” They also asked, “Do you believe that stress can __8__ your poor health?” And then they used public death records to __9__ who died. People who experienced a lot of stress in the previous year had a 43 percent __10__ risk of dying. But that was only __11__ for the people who also __12__ that stress is harmful to their health. People who experienced a lot of stress but did not __13__ stress as harmful were no more __14__ to die. In fact, they had the __15__ risk of dying, __16__ people who had relatively little stress. Now the researchers estimated that over the eight years they were tracking deaths, 182,000 Americans died prematurely(过早), not from stress, __17__ from the belief that stress is bad for them. That is over 20,000 deaths a year. Now, __18__ that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is bad for you the 15th largest __19__ of death in the United States last year, __20__ more people than skin cancer, HIV/AIDS and homicide.
1. A. health B. happiness
C.stress D. psychology
2. A. risk B. condition
C. development D. challenge
3. A. Definitely B. Traditionally
C. Similarly D. Basically
4. A. friend B. enemy
C. doctor D. patient
5. A. definition B. mind
C. explanation D. description
6. A. answer B. approach
C. response D. assumption
7. A. avoided B. exercised
C. experienced D. tracked
8. A. result from B. speed up
C. lead to D. break down
9. A. find out B. put out
C. set out D. work out
10. A. increased B. changed
C. declined D. progressed
11. A. false B. right
C. true D. wrong
12. A. doubted B. proved
C. believed D. disagreed
13. A. simplify B. view
C. describe D. elect
14. A. certainly B. probably
C. hardly D. likely
15.A. fastest B. latest
C. highest D. lowest
16.A. removing B. comparing
C. neglecting D. including
17.A. and B. but
C. nor D. or
18.A. if B. though
C. because D. until
19.A. number B. discovery
C. cause D. estimate
20.A. killing B. threatening
C. affecting D. hurting
【语篇解读】 一直以来人们认为压力对健康有害。但作者认为：压力是否影响你，取决于你对压力的态度。
1.解析：根据下文多次提到的“stress”可知，此处指作者所教授的内容与压力有关，故填stress。
答案：C
2.解析：此处指压力可以增加患病风险。risk“风险”，符合语境。下文中的“risk of dying”是提示。
答案：A
3.解析：此处指基本上作者把压力当作敌人。basically“基本上”，符合语境。
答案：D
4.解析：参见上题解析。
答案：B
5.解析：但作者对压力的看法已经改变了。change one's mind“改变主意，改变想法”，为固定用法。
答案：B
6.解析：此处表示作者先来谈谈使他重新考虑他对压力的看法的研究。approach“方法，态度”，符合语境。
答案：B
7.解析：在过去一年中你感受到了多少压力?experience“感受，体会，体验”，符合语境。
答案：C
8.解析：根据下文对研究的叙述可知，此处指研究人员问：“你相信压力会对健康有害吗?”lead to“导致”，符合语境。
答案：C
9.解析：研究人员以公开的死亡统计查明被追踪的人中谁去世了。find out“弄清，查明”，符合语境。
答案：A
10.解析：在去年感受到很多压力的人的死亡率会增加43%。
答案：A
11.解析：但这只适用于那些也相信压力对健康有害的人。that's true for...“这适用于……”。
答案：C
12.解析：参见上题解析。doubt“怀疑”;prove“证明是”;believe“相信”;disagree“不同意”。
答案：C
13.解析：感受到很大压力的人若不将压力视为对健康有害，他们的死亡风险就不可能升高。view... as...“把……看作……”。
答案：B
14.解析：参见上题解析。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，符合语境。
答案：D
15.解析：事实上，他们的死亡风险最低。故D项正确。
答案：D
16.解析：此处指包括那些压力相对较小的研究参与者，故include“包含，包括”，符合句意。
答案：D
17.解析：研究人员估计，在过去八年的时间里他们所追踪的死亡人数中，182 000个美国人过早死亡不是因为压力，而是因为他们相信压力对健康有害。not...but...“不是……而是……”是固定搭配。故B项正确。
答案：B
18.解析：此处是说如果这个估计是正确的。if“如果”在此引导条件状语从句。
答案：A
19.解析：此处指“相信压力对健康有害”就成为美国去年的第15大死因。故cause“起因”，符合句意。
答案：C
20.解析：由前文的“Now, __18__ that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is...”可知应选A。kill“杀害”。
答案：A
