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2018成人高考专升本《英语》预习资料:被动语态

来源:考试网  [ 2018年1月5日 ]  【

  被动语态

  一般现在时的被动语态:

  承受者 + be (is/am/are) + done(过去分词)+ by + 执行者。

  eg. Many schools are built(done)every year in the city.

  注意:地点状语,时间状语一般都放在句末;in the city 特指。

  其中be的使用取决于主语的单复形式。

  A lot of修饰可数和不可数名词

  Many修饰可数名词

  Mach修饰不可数名词

  主动:They all read(原形)English every day.

  被动:English read (过去分词)by all of them every day.

  主动:Mother often scolds me.

  被动:I am often scolded by mother.

  一般过去式的被动语态:

  承受者 + be (was/were) + done(过去分词)+ by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

  eg. 主动:He repaired his bike yesterday.

  被动:His bike was repaired by him yesterday.

  主动:Children cleaned many streets last Sunday.

  被动:Many streets were cleaned by children last Sunday.

  现在进行时的被动语态:

  承受者 + be (is/am/are) + being(现在分词)+ done + by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

  eg. 主动:He is writing his composition.

  被动:His composition is being written by him.

  注意:write – wrote - written

  过去进行时的被动语态:

  承受者 + be (was/were) + being(现在分词)+ done + by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

  eg. 主动:He was majoring computer during his college.

  被动:Computer was being majored by him during his college.

  将来时的被动语态:

  承受者 + be going to/will (shall) be动词原形/be to be done + by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

  eg.1 A big supermarket will/shall/be to be built here next year

  注意:be to用以表示计划或安排好的动作或行为。

  eg.2 The flight is to leave for Hefei city.

  现在完成时的被动语态:

  承受者 + have(复数主语)/has been done + by + 执行者(不明确时可省略)。

  eg. 主动:Our School has finished many scientific researches.

  被动:Many scientific researches have been finished by our school.

  将来时态的被动语态:

  承受者 + (be going to/will/shall/be to) + have been done + by + 执行者。

  eg. 主动:We'll have finished the book by the end of September.

  被动:The book will/shall have been finished by the end of September.

  注意:by the end of 短语的用法

  (1)Will have done by the end of + 将来时态

  (2)Had done by the end of + 过去完成时态

  eg. The project had been made by the end of last week.

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