1、apply vt./vi. 申请,运用,应用
【辨析】apply for 和apply…to
apply for “申请,请求”,如:I want to apply for the position.我想申请这个职位。
apply…to “把…应用到…”,如:We should apply a theory to practice. 我们应当把理论
应用于实践。
2、arise vi. 出现,发生,起源于
【辨析】arise, rise, raise, arouse 和rouse
arise vi. 起源于(和from连用),出现
如:Accidents usually arise from carelessness. 车祸通常源于粗心。
rise vi. 上升
如:Black smoke rose from the chimney. 黑烟从烟筒中冒出。
raise vt. 举起
如:He is too weak to raise the heavy box. 他身体虚弱,举不起这个重盒子。
arouse vt. 引起,导致
如:His behavior aroused the interest of the neighbors. 他的行为引起了邻居的兴趣。
rouse vt. 唤醒
如:My mother will rouse me from my sleep every morning. 妈妈每天叫我起床。
『例』(1)The problem has C simply because you didn’t follow my instruction.(1992)
A. raised B. risen C. arisen D. aroused
『解析』句意:问题已经出现了,仅仅因为你没有遵循我的指导。
(2)Problems will B if you do it this way.
A. rise B. arise C. raise D. arouse
『解析』句意:如果你这样做事,将会出问题。
(3)Voices were B as the argument between the two motorists(司机) became more bad-tempered.
A. spoken B. raised C. developed D. increased
『解析』句意:随着两个司机的争吵愈演愈烈,双方都提高了嗓门。raise (= lift up) one's voice 提高嗓门,
高声叫喊。
(4)Though A in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of
small-town life.
A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated
『解析』句意:尽管在旧金山长大, 但戴夫米切尔总是愿意把小镇生活中平凡的事情记载下来。本句中
Though raised in San Francisco 是省略的让步状语从句。raise (= bring up) 抚养;grow 种植;cultivate 耕
作;培养(友谊等)。
(5)The story of the homeless orphan(孤儿) has A sympathy from the public.
A. aroused B. attracted C. defended D. adopted
『解析』句意:无家可归的孤儿的故事唤起公众的同情。
3、as adv. 同样地,一样地;prep. 作为;conj. 像…一样
【辨析】as (so) far as 和as (so) long as
(1)as (so) far as 的意思是“就…而言(所知)”。
如:As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers(下岗工人) have found their new jobs.
就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。
as (so) far as sth. is concerned 是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”。
如:As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.
就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。
(2)as (so) long as 意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。
如:There is nothing that we can’t do so/as long as we keep on trying to do it.
只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。
『例』 C we need air and water, so we need criticism and self-criticism.
A. Even though B. So long as C. Just as D. Now that
『解析』句意:正如需要空气和水,我们还需要批评和自我批评。even though“即使”;so long as“只要”;
just as“正如”;now that“既然”。
4、assist vt. 帮助,协助
【短语】assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
[助记] 词根sist = stand(站立)
【辨析】assist, consist, insist 和persist
(1)assist 帮助(其原意为站在一旁,搀扶)。
(2)consist 由…组成,构成;包括,包含(常与of 连用)
常用短语:consist of 由…组成,包括
如:Indonesia consist of more than 7000 islands. 印度尼西亚由7000 多个岛屿组成。
= Indonesia is made up of more than 7000 islands.
= Indonesia is composed of more than 7000 islands.
(3)insist 坚持,坚持认为;坚决要求;一定要。后面可接介词on
常用短语:insist on 坚决要求;也可直接连用that 引导的名词从句。
如:He insisted on my going there with him.
He insisted that I should go there with him. 他坚决要求我跟他一起去。
5、persist v. 坚持,固执
常用短语:persist in (doing) sth. 坚持做某事
如:The kind nurse persisted in reading books to the boys in the hospital. 善良的护士坚持不懈的
给医院的孩子们读故事书。
6、resist v. 反对,抵制
『例』He D the temptation to buy a coat that he could not afford.
A.challenged B.obstructed C.contradicted D.resisted
『解析』句意:她不受诱惑,不去买她买不起的外衣。 resist 此处意指(= keep oneself back from)“忍住…”,
resist temptation 不受诱惑,afford 买得起。
7、assume v.(毫无根据地)认为,臆断
[助记] 词根sume = take(带走)
【辨析】assume, consume 和resume
(1)assume (毫无根据地)认为,臆断
如:I assume that you have gone. 我以为你已经走了。
(2)consume vt. 消耗,消费,用掉
如:She consumes much of her time in studying. 她把很多时间用在学习上。
(3)resume vt. 恢复,重新开始
如:Negotiations are expected to be resumed soon. 预期不久就能恢复谈判。
『例』(1)In Shanghai, people C thousand tons of watermelon every summer.
A. swallow B. eat C. consume D. exhaust
『解析』句意:在上海,每年夏天人们消耗成千上万吨的西瓜。swallow 吞咽;eat 吃;exhaust 筋疲力
尽。
(2)Since we are unable to finish the task in the morning. Let’s stop now and B working at 3 o’clock in
the afternoon.
A. assume B. resume C. consume D. repeat
『解析』句意:既然我们上午没法完成任务,现在收工,下午三点再复工。
8、assure vt. 保证,使确信
【辨析】assure, ensure 和insure
(1)assure“使(某人)确信”,一般用作:assure sb. of sth.或者assure sb. that…,后面不能直接跟
that 从句。
如:He assured me that it was true. 他让我相信这件事是真的。
(2)ensure“保证”,后面可以接双宾语,也可以接that 从句。
如:We can’t ensure you a good post. 我们不能保证给你个好的职位。
(3)insure“给…上保险”。
如:My house is insured against fire. 我的房子保了火险。
9、attend v. 出席,照顾,注意,留意,专心于
【用法】表示参加,后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral 等词。
【注意】attend to 可以表示处理、照料等。
【辨析】attend, extend, intend 和tend:
(1)tend:倾向,易于。常用短语:tend to do 易于…
如:He tends to catch cold in winter.他在冬天的时候很容易感冒。
(2)attend:参加。
如:When I was 18 years old, I attended college. 我十八岁的时候上了大学。
(3)extend:延伸,扩展。
如:The river extends eastward. 这条小河向东延伸。
(4)intend:想要,打算。
如:What do you intend to do next? 下一步你打算做什么?
10、attribute vt. 把…归于
【搭配】attribute…to… 把…归于…
词根tribute:贡物、礼物
【辨析】attribute, distribute 和contribute
(1)attribute:把…归于…。
如:Tom attributed his failure to bad luck. 汤姆把他的失败归因于坏的运气。
(2)distribute:分发。
如:The Red Cross distributes the blanket to the victims of the flood-striken area.
红十字会把毛毯发给洪水灾区的灾民们。
(3)contribute:捐助,捐献。常用短语:contribute to 导致,有助于
如:His carelessness contributed to the car crash(车祸). 他的粗心导致了车祸。
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