41、chance, opportunity, occasion
chance多指偶然的机会，意外的机会，带有侥幸的意味。如：Even so, it was a lucky chance that he could do it.(即使如此，那也是他凭着侥幸才做到这点。)
opportunity主要指能够去做某事，尤其是达到自己目的，实现某种愿望的好机会。如：You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.(你应该尽量利用你的机会去看看这个国家，学习它的语言。)
occasion主要指“时机”，“场合”，也含有“机会”的意思。如：The flags are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.(每逢国庆节，国旗都悬持出来了。)
42、childish, childlike
childish幼稚的。如：It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.
childlike孩子般天真的。如：When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.
43、cloth, clothing
cloth布。如：I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.
clothing衣服(总称)。如：You’d better give all the old clothing away.
44、compare…with; compar…to; compared with/to
Ø compare…with意为“把……与……相比”，侧重指两者间的区别。
如：Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.
把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较，你就会发现它们之间的区别。
Ø compare…to…意为“把……比作……”，着重注意两者间的相似点。如：
This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。
Ø compare既可以单独用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时，以compare with…形式出现，表示“与……相比”。如：
Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。
If you compare the two words，you can tell the difference between them.
如果你比较这两个单词，你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。
Ø compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语，意义基本相同，可互换。如：
Compared to/with him，you are lucky. 与他相比，你是幸运的。
It was a small town then，compared to/with what it is now.和现在比起来，那时它还是个小镇。
45、compose, consist, constitute
compose为常用词，常用被动语态，如用主动语态，主语应用复数形式。如：Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人组成陪审团。)
consist表一个整体由几个部分组成(只能用主动语态)。如：The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(联合王国是由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组 成。)
constitute为正式用词，与consist相反，表由哪些部分构成整体。如：Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二个月。)
46、considerable, considerate
considerable相当多的，可观的。如：He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了许多麻烦。)
considerate考虑周到的，体谅的。如：It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人，不打扰我们。)
47、consistent, constant, continual, continuous
consistent一致的，符合的。如：His action is always consistent with his words.
constant不断的，表示持续和惯常的重现，往往没有变化。如：He attributes his health to his constant exercise.
continual频频的，不停的，时断时续，中间可有间歇。如：Continual smoking is bad for health.
continuous不断延伸的，连续不断的，强调中间无间断。如：Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.
48、cost/take/spend/pay
cost (vt.)花费：指花费金钱、劳力和时间。主语通常是事或物，可跟双宾语。
take (vt.)花费：指花费时间。主语通常是一件事，也可以跟双宾语。
spend (vt.)花费：指花费时间和金钱，主语总是人。可以形成spend…on sth./in doing sth.结构。
pay (vt.&vi.)付钱，后面可以跟双宾语，也可以当不及物动词使用，形成pay for sth.结构。比较：
Electricity will cost more than it did last year.
It will take me two days to finish the work.
In the past few years the factory spent a lot of money improving its working conditions.
Dick’s uncle has to pay for his education as his father has come down in the world.
49、crack, crash
crack(使)破裂，砸开。如：I can crack it, but I can’t break it.(我能把它弄裂，但不能把它弄破。)
crash摔坏，坠毁。如：The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。)
50、cure, treat
cure治愈，医治。如：The medicine will cure of your disease.(这药能治好你的病。)
cure表示治好，treat只表示“给……治病”。
51、current, present
均可表“现在”，“目前”。
current强调在现阶段正在流行，通用，但不一定是最新的。如：current English (当代英语)
present为常用词，指现在正在通用的，在时间上比current的范围更窄。如：What’s your present address?(你现住址是哪里?)
52、custom, habit
均可表习惯。
custom为正式用词，多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。
habit为常用词，多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如：He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的坏习惯。)
53、damage; destroy; ruin
这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思，区别如下：
Ø damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的，通常指损坏的程度不那么严重，还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如：
The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt.
汽车在事故中损坏不严重，但却有五个人受了重伤。
Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。
What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.
他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。
Smoking has damaged his health badly. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。
Ø damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如：
The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。
Ø destroy意为“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”，通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”，一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。如：
The big fire destroyed the whole house.这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。
The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people. 纳粹想摧毁人民的希望，最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。
Ø ruin多用于借喻之中，有时泛指一般性的破坏，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如：
My new coat is ruined.我的外套不能再穿了。
The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。
I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man我被那场官司毁了，我破产了。
54、dependent, independent
dependent依赖的，依靠的(on, upon)。如：Success is dependent on your hard work.
Independent不依靠的，独立的(of)。如：John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
55、discover, invent
discover发现。如：A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent发明，创造。如：A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
56、doubt/suspect
doubt意为怀疑某事是不可能或不真实的，肯定句中常跟whether或if引出的宾语从句，否定句和疑问句常跟that引出的宾语从句。翻译成“不相信”比较恰当。而suspect意为怀疑或认为某件事是真的。常跟that引起的宾语从句。翻译成“猜想…是真的”比较恰当。试比较：
I doubt whether he is a genius.
我看他未必是个天才。
Do you doubt that he is a genius?
你怀疑他是个天才吗?
I suspectthat he is a genius.
我猜想他是个天才。
57、effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物，强调能产生某种预期的效果。如：effective medicine, effective method等。
efficient“效率高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如：The German telephone system is highly efficient.(德国的电话系统效率很高。)
58、economic, economical
economic经济(学)的。如：the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说)
economical节约的，节俭的。如：He is economical of money and time.
59、electric, electrical, electronic
三词都与电有关
electric着重于发电的，电动的或导电的。如：electric generator(发电机);electric light(电灯)
electrical多指本身不产生电，但是与电有关的。如：electrical engineering(电机工程);an electrical transcription(广播唱片)
electronic电子的，电子操作的。如：electronic engineering(电子工程学)
60、emergence, emergency
emergence是emerge的名词形式。
Emergency意为“紧急情况”，“突然事件”。
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